While social-status hierarchies are common to all human societies, status acquisition is relatively understudied in small-scale societies lacking significant material wealth or intergenerational inheritance. Among the Tsimane of Bolivia, a small-scale Amazonian society, we employ a photo-ranking methodology to determine the important predictors of four measures of male social status: success in dyadic physical confrontation, getting one's way in a group, community-wide influence, and respect. The predictors evaluated include age, physical size, skill in food production, level of acculturation, prosocial personality, and social support. We find that physical size best predicts rankings of dyadic fighting ability while social support best predicts getting one's way in a group, community-wide influence, and respect. Level of acculturation, furthermore, is an independent predictor of influence but not respect, and skill in food production is an independent predictor of respect but not influence. The lack of a linear relationship between age and the polyadic social-status measures is evaluated in light of the increasing exposure of the Tsimane to market economies and public education among recent age cohorts. To our knowledge, this study is the first multivariate analysis of social status that considers different determinants of status simultaneously.

中文翻译：

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亚马逊社会男性社会地位的多重维度☆


虽然社会地位等级制度在所有人类社会中都是常见的，但在缺乏大量物质财富或代际继承的小规模社会中，地位获得的研究相对较少。在玻利维亚的提斯曼（Tsimane）这个小规模的亚马逊社会中，我们采用照片排名方法来确定男性社会地位的四种衡量标准的重要预测因素：二元身体对抗的成功、在群体中的表现、社区范围的影响力和尊重。评估的预测因素包括年龄、体型、粮食生产技能、文化适应水平、亲社会人格和社会支持。我们发现，身体尺寸最能预测二元战斗能力的排名，而社会支持最能预测一个人在群体中的表现、社区范围内的影响力和尊重。此外，文化适应水平是影响力而非尊重的独立预测因素，粮食生产技能是尊重而非影响力的独立预测因素。鉴于提斯曼人越来越多地接触市场经济和最近年龄段的公共教育，对年龄与多元社会地位衡量标准之间缺乏线性关系进行了评估。据我们所知，这项研究是第一个同时考虑不同地位决定因素的社会地位多变量分析。