Templating processes for creating polymerized hydrogels are reviewed. The use of contact photonic crystals and of non-contact colloidal crystalline arrays as templates are described and applications to chemical sensing and device fabrication are illustrated. Emulsion templating is illustrated in the formation of microporous membranes, and templating on reverse emulsions and double emulsions is described. Templating in solutions of macromolecules and micelles is discussed and then various applications of hydrogel templating on surfactant liquid crystalline mesophases are illustrated, including a nanoscale analogue of colloidal crystalline array templating, except that the bead array in this case is a cubic array of nonionic micelles. The use of particles as templates in making core-shell and hollow microgel beads is described, as is the use of membrane pores as another illustration of confinement templating.

中文翻译：

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 模板化水凝胶


回顾了用于创建聚合水凝胶的模板化过程。描述了接触式光子晶体和非接触式胶体晶体阵列作为模板的使用，并说明了在化学传感和设备制造中的应用。在微孔膜的形成中说明了乳液模板化，并描述了反相乳液和复乳液的模板化。讨论了大分子和胶束溶液中的模板化，然后说明了水凝胶模板化在表面活性剂液晶中间相上的各种应用，包括胶体晶体阵列模板化的纳米级类似物，不同之处在于本例中的珠子阵列是非离子胶束的立方阵列。描述了使用颗粒作为模板来制造核-壳和中空微凝胶珠，以及使用膜孔作为限制模板的另一个说明。