In this review, the authors provide an approach to the study of health disparities in the US Latino population and evaluate the evidence, using mortality rates for discrete medical conditions and the total US population as a standard for comparison. They examine the demographic structure of the Latino population and how nativity, age, income, and education are related to observed patterns of health and mortality. A key issue discussed is how to interpret the superior mortality indices of Latino immigrants and the subsequent declining health status of later generations. Explanations for differences in mortality include selection, reverse selection, death record inconsistencies, inequalities in health status, transnational migration, social marginality, and adaptation to environmental conditions in the United States. The utility of the public health social inequality framework and the status syndrome for explaining Latino disparities is discussed. The authors examine excess mortality from 8 causes: diabetes, stomach cancer, liver cancer, cervical cancer, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, liver disease, homicide, and work-related injuries. The impact of intergenerational changes in health behavior within the Latino population and the contributory role of suboptimal health care are interpreted in the context of implications for future research, public health programs, and policies.

中文翻译：

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拉丁裔人口的健康差异。

在这篇综述中，作者提供了一种研究美国拉丁裔人口健康差异的方法并评估证据，使用离散医疗条件的死亡率和美国总人口作为比较标准。他们研究了拉丁裔人口的人口结构，以及出生、年龄、收入和教育与观察到的健康和死亡率模式之间的关系。讨论的一个关键问题是如何解释拉丁裔移民的优越死亡率指数以及随后几代人的健康状况下降。死亡率差异的解释包括选择、反向选择、死亡记录不一致、健康状况不平等、跨国移民、社会边缘和美国对环境条件的适应。讨论了公共卫生社会不平等框架的效用和解释拉丁裔差异的地位综合症。作者检查了 8 种原因造成的超额死亡率：糖尿病、胃癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征、肝脏疾病、他杀和工伤。拉丁裔人口中健康行为的代际变化的影响以及次优医疗保健的贡献作用在对未来研究、公共卫生计划和政策的影响的背景下进行了解释。人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征、肝病、凶杀和工伤。拉丁裔人口中健康行为的代际变化的影响以及次优医疗保健的贡献作用在对未来研究、公共卫生计划和政策的影响的背景下进行了解释。人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征、肝病、凶杀和工伤。拉丁裔人口中健康行为的代际变化的影响以及次优医疗保健的贡献作用在对未来研究、公共卫生计划和政策的影响的背景下进行了解释。