In the United States, health disparities in obesity and obesity-related illnesses have been the subject of growing concern. To better understand how obesity-related health disparities might relate to obesogenic built environments, the authors conducted a systematic review of the published scientific literature, screening for studies with relevance to disadvantaged individuals or areas, identified by low socioeconomic status, black race, or Hispanic ethnicity. A search for related terms in publication databases and topically related resources yielded 45 studies published between January 1995 and January 2009 with at least 100 participants or area residents that provided information on 1) the built environment correlates of obesity or related health behaviors within one or more disadvantaged groups or 2) the relative exposure these groups had to potentially obesogenic built environment characteristics. Upon consideration of the obesity and behavioral correlates of built environment characteristics, research provided the strongest support for food stores (supermarkets instead of smaller grocery/convenience stores), places to exercise, and safety as potentially influential for disadvantaged groups. There is also evidence that disadvantaged groups were living in worse environments with respect to food stores, places to exercise, aesthetic problems, and traffic or crime-related safety. One strategy to reduce obesity would involve changing the built environment to be more supportive of physical activity and a healthy diet. Based on the authors' review, increasing supermarket access, places to exercise, and neighborhood safety may also be promising strategies to reduce obesity-related health disparities.

中文翻译：

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弱势人群的建筑环境和肥胖。

在美国，肥胖症和与肥胖症有关的疾病中的健康差异一直是人们日益关注的问题。为了更好地了解与肥胖相关的健康差异可能与致肥胖的建筑环境有何关系，作者对发表的科学文献进行了系统的综述，筛选了与社会经济地位低下，黑人种族或西班牙裔美国人相关的与弱势个体或地区相关的研究种族。在出版物数据库和局部相关资源中搜索相关术语产生了1995年1月至2009年1月之间发表的45项研究，至少有100名参与者或区域居民提供了有关以下方面的信息：1）肥胖或相关健康行为与一个或多个内建的环境相关弱势群体或2）这些群体对潜在致肥胖建筑环境特征的相对暴露。考虑到肥胖与建筑环境特征的行为相关性，研究为食品商店（超市而不是较小的杂货店/便利店），运动场所和安全提供了最有力的支持，这可能会对弱势群体产生影响。还有证据表明，弱势群体在食品储存，锻炼场所，审美问题以及交通或犯罪相关安全方面生活在更恶劣的环境中。减少肥胖症的一种策略将涉及改变建筑环境，以更好地支持体育锻炼和健康饮食。根据作者的评论，增加超市的出入口，运动场所和邻里安全可能也是减少肥胖相关健康差异的有前途的策略。