The use of dietary treatments for epilepsy (ketogenic, modified Atkins, and low glycemic index diets) has been in continuous use since 1921. These treatments have been well studied in the short term, with approximately half of children having at least a 50% reduction in seizures after 6 months. Approximately one third will attain >90% reduction in their seizures. Animal studies confirm these findings, with broad evidence demonstrating acute anticonvulsant effects of the diet. Furthermore, the diet appears to maintain its efficacy in humans when provided continuously for several years. Interestingly, benefits may be seen long term even when the diet is discontinued after only a few months of use, suggesting neuroprotective effects. This potential antiepileptogenic activity has been recently demonstrated in some animal studies as well. This review discusses the animal and human evidence for both short- and long-term benefits of dietary therapies.

中文翻译：

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生酮饮食：短期和长期疗效的证据。

自 1921 年以来，癫痫饮食疗法（生酮饮食、改良阿特金斯饮食和低升糖指数饮食）一直在持续使用。这些治疗方法在短期内得到了很好的研究，大约一半的儿童至少减少了 50%在 6 个月后癫痫发作。大约三分之一的癫痫发作减少 90% 以上。动物研究证实了这些发现，广泛的证据表明饮食具有急性抗惊厥作用。此外，当连续提供数年时，该饮食似乎在人类中保持其功效。有趣的是，即使在仅使用几个月后停止饮食，也可以长期看到益处，这表明具有神经保护作用。这种潜在的抗癫痫活性最近也在一些动物研究中得到证实。