The maternal-fetal transfer and subsequent uptake of sow milk enriched with n-6- or n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids may not only influence neonatal body fat but may also have an impact on the immune function of newborn piglets. Sows were fed a diet containing sunflower oil as n-6-source or oil from seal blubber with long chain polyunsaturated n-3-fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation. Sow serum was investigated during pregnancy and serum and milk during lactation; piglet serum and liver were investigated in the suckling period until day 19. Piglet leukocyte subpopulations were characterised by flow cytometry and leukocyte proliferation was tested after stimulation with mitogens. No differences were noted in performance. The serum and milk fatty acid status of the sows was markedly influenced by the diet. Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were higher (p < 0.001) in serum and liver of piglets delivered from sows fed the seal blubber oil. Piglets at birth had lower lymphocyte counts (p < 0.01) than piglets 19 days after birth. However, no influence of feeding the different oil sources was noted on lymphocyte phenotyping and leukocyte proliferation test. The results of the present study show that the maternal diet affected the fatty acid status of neonates, but much more in the sucking period. Immunological traits were not affected, probably as the mononuclear cell lineage is too immature around birth. Effects of PUFA n-3 might only be seen at a later time point or in the polymorphonuclear cell lineage as they were dominating right after birth.

中文翻译：

---

与母猪日粮脂肪酸供应相关的新生儿免疫系统的表型和功能方面

母胎转移和随后摄入富含 n-6- 或 n-3- 多不饱和脂肪酸的母乳不仅可能影响新生儿体脂，还可能影响新生仔猪的免疫功能。在怀孕和哺乳期间，母猪被喂食含有葵花籽油作为 n-6 源或来自海豹脂肪的油和长链多不饱和 n-3 脂肪酸的饮食。母猪血清在妊娠期和哺乳期血清和乳汁进行调查；在哺乳期直到第 19 天对仔猪血清和肝脏进行了研究。通过流式细胞术对仔猪白细胞亚群进行了表征，并在用有丝分裂原刺激后测试了白细胞增殖。没有注意到性能上的差异。母猪的血清和乳脂肪酸状态受日粮的影响显着。二十碳五烯酸 (20:5n-3), 22: 5n-3 和 22:6n-3 在饲喂海豹鲸脂油的母猪分娩的仔猪的血清和肝脏中更高（p < 0.001）。出生后仔猪的淋巴细胞计数（p < 0.01）低于出生后 19 天的仔猪。然而，饲喂不同油源对淋巴细胞表型和白细胞增殖试验没有影响。本研究的结果表明，母亲的饮食会影响新生儿的脂肪酸状态，但在吸吮期影响更大。免疫学特征没有受到影响，可能是因为单核细胞谱系在出生时过于不成熟。PUFA n-3 的影响可能仅在较晚的时间点或在多形核细胞谱系中才能看到，因为它们在出生后立即占主导地位。出生后仔猪的淋巴细胞计数（p < 0.01）低于出生后 19 天的仔猪。然而，饲喂不同油源对淋巴细胞表型和白细胞增殖试验没有影响。本研究的结果表明，母亲的饮食会影响新生儿的脂肪酸状态，但在吸吮期影响更大。免疫学特征没有受到影响，可能是因为单核细胞谱系在出生时过于不成熟。PUFA n-3 的影响可能仅在较晚的时间点或在多形核细胞谱系中才能看到，因为它们在出生后立即占主导地位。出生后仔猪的淋巴细胞计数（p < 0.01）低于出生后 19 天的仔猪。然而，饲喂不同油源对淋巴细胞表型和白细胞增殖试验没有影响。本研究的结果表明，母亲的饮食会影响新生儿的脂肪酸状态，但在吸吮期影响更大。免疫学特征没有受到影响，可能是因为单核细胞谱系在出生时过于不成熟。PUFA n-3 的影响可能仅在较晚的时间点或在多形核细胞谱系中才能看到，因为它们在出生后立即占主导地位。本研究的结果表明，母亲的饮食会影响新生儿的脂肪酸状态，但在吸吮期影响更大。免疫学特征没有受到影响，可能是因为单核细胞谱系在出生时过于不成熟。PUFA n-3 的影响可能仅在较晚的时间点或在多形核细胞谱系中才能看到，因为它们在出生后立即占主导地位。本研究的结果表明，母亲的饮食会影响新生儿的脂肪酸状态，但在吸吮期影响更大。免疫学特征没有受到影响，可能是因为单核细胞谱系在出生时过于不成熟。PUFA n-3 的影响可能仅在较晚的时间点或在多形核细胞谱系中才能看到，因为它们在出生后立即占主导地位。