The effects of insoluble dietary fibre differing in lignin content on intestinal morphology and mRNA expression was tested in an animal model of 48 weaned piglets. Engaged fibre sources were wheat bran (rich in cellulose and hemicellulose) and pollen from Chinese Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) (rich in lignin), respectively. The fibre sources were added to a basal diet as follows: no addition (control), 3.0% wheat bran, 1.27% pine pollen, and 2.55% pine pollen. The 12 animals of each feeding group were fed four experimental diets ad libitum for 37 days and were then slaughtered for retrieving tissue samples from stomach, jejunum, ileum, colon and mesenterial lymph nodes. Both fibre sources increased villus height of mucosa in jejunum (+10% on average) and ileum (+16% on average). Results of mRNA expression rates of inflammatory, cell cycle and growth marker genes (NFκB, TNFα, TGFβ, Caspase3, CDK4, IGF1) were specific to fibre source and tissue: wheat bran induced an up-regulation of NFκB in stomach and jejunum, as well as TNFα and TGFβ, and Caspase3 in jejunum. Pine pollen induced down regulation of NFκB, TNFα, TGFβ, Caspase3, CDK4 and IGF1 in the colon as well as up-regulation of NFκB and TGFβ in mesenterial lymph nodes. Finally, an overall data comparison based on a hierarchical cluster analysis showed a close relation between gene regulation in different gut sections and organs, as well as between small intestine morphology and zootechnical performance.

中文翻译：

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不溶性纤维对仔猪模型肠道形态和炎症、细胞周期和生长标志基因 mRNA 表达模式的影响

在 48 头断奶仔猪的动物模型中测试了木质素含量不同的不溶性膳食纤维对肠道形态和 mRNA 表达的影响。参与的纤维来源分别是麦麸（富含纤维素和半纤维素）和马尾松（Pinus massoniana）的花粉（富含木质素）。纤维源按如下添加到基础日粮中：不添加（对照）、3.0% 麦麸、1.27% 松花粉和 2.55% 松花粉。每个喂养组的 12 只动物在 37 天内随意喂食四种实验饮食，然后屠宰以从胃、空肠、回肠、结肠和肠系膜淋巴结中提取组织样本。两种纤维来源都增加了空肠（平均 +10%）和回肠（平均 +16%）粘膜的绒毛高度。炎症的mRNA表达率结果，细胞周期和生长标记基因（NFκB、TNFα、TGFβ、Caspase3、CDK4、IGF1）对纤维来源和组织具有特异性：麦麸诱导胃和空肠中 NFκB 以及 TNFα 和 TGFβ 以及 Caspase3 的上调在空肠。松花粉诱导结肠中 NFκB、TNFα、TGFβ、Caspase3、CDK4 和 IGF1 的下调以及肠系膜淋巴结中 NFκB 和 TGFβ 的上调。最后，基于层次聚类分析的总体数据比较表明，不同肠道切片和器官中的基因调控之间存在密切关系，以及小肠形态和畜牧业性能之间存在密切关系。松花粉诱导结肠中 NFκB、TNFα、TGFβ、Caspase3、CDK4 和 IGF1 的下调以及肠系膜淋巴结中 NFκB 和 TGFβ 的上调。最后，基于层次聚类分析的总体数据比较表明，不同肠道切片和器官中的基因调控之间存在密切关系，以及小肠形态和畜牧业性能之间存在密切关系。松花粉诱导结肠中 NFκB、TNFα、TGFβ、Caspase3、CDK4 和 IGF1 的下调以及肠系膜淋巴结中 NFκB 和 TGFβ 的上调。最后，基于层次聚类分析的总体数据比较表明，不同肠道切片和器官中的基因调控之间存在密切关系，以及小肠形态和畜牧业性能之间存在密切关系。