Recent studies demonstrate an increased teratogenic risk for valproate and a probable increased risk for phenobarbital. Carbamazepine and lamotrigine appear relatively safe; however, results are inconclusive concerning a specific risk for cleft lip/palate for both drugs as well as a dose-dependent effect for malformations associated with lamotrigine. Data regarding teratogenic risks for other antiepileptic drugs are inadequate. Additional studies are needed to delineate further the risks for all antiepileptic drugs and determine the underlying mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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宫内抗癫痫药物暴露的影响。

最近的研究表明，丙戊酸盐的致畸风险增加，苯巴比妥的风险可能增加。卡马西平和拉莫三嗪似乎相对安全；然而，关于两种药物的唇裂/腭裂的特定风险以及与拉莫三嗪相关的畸形的剂量依赖性效应的结果尚无定论。关于其他抗癫痫药物致畸风险的数据不充分。需要更多的研究来进一步描述所有抗癫痫药物的风险并确定潜在的机制。