To clarify the role of labels in early induction, we compared 16-month-old infants' (n = 114) generalization of target properties to test objects when objects were introduced by the experimenter in one of the following ways: (a) with a general attentional phrase, (b) highlighted with a flashlight and a general attentional phrase, (c) via a recorded voice that labeled the objects using a naming phrase, (d) with a label consisting of a count noun embedded within a naming phrase, (e) with a label consisting of a single word that was not marked as belonging to a particular grammatical form class, and (f) with a label consisting of an adjective. Infants relied on object labels to guide their inductive inferences only when the labels were presented referentially, embedded within an intentional naming phrase, and marked as count nouns. These results suggest that infants do not view labels as attributes of objects; rather, infants understand that count-noun labels are intentional markers denoting category membership.

中文翻译：

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类别标记或属性

为了阐明标签在早期诱导中的作用，我们比较了 16 个月大的婴儿（n = 114）在实验者以下列方式之一引入对象时对目标属性的概括与测试对象：（a）与一般注意短语，(b) 用手电筒和一般注意短语突出显示，(c) 通过使用命名短语标记对象的录音，(d) 使用由嵌入在命名短语中的计数名词组成的标签， (e) 标签由一个未标记为属于特定语法形式类别的单词组成，以及 (f) 标签由形容词组成。只有当标签以指称方式呈现、嵌入有意命名的短语中并标记为可数名词时，婴儿才依赖对象标签来指导他们的归纳推理。这些结果表明婴儿不会将标签视为物体的属性；相反，婴儿理解可数名词标签是表示类别成员资格的有意标记。