Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS that is involved in numerous cellular functions, including cell death and survival. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) are G-protein coupled receptors that have been classified into three groups on the basis of signal transduction pathways and pharmacological profiles. Group I, II, and III mGluRs are found on cell types within and peripheral to the CNS, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, T- and B-cell lymphocytes, osteoblasts, hepatocytes, and endothelial cells, among others. These receptors have a number of effects on cells that can influence outcome after trauma, including reducing neuronal and oligodendroglial cell death, inflammation, and endothelial permeability. Thus, mGluRs are a promising multipotential therapeutic approach. Because the pathology of CNS trauma and neurodegeneration is multifactorial (including, for example, oxidative stress, mitochondrial breakdown, and inflammation), therapies that serve to modulate multiple pathophysiological pathways may prove more effective than those directed at a single target. This review examines the multipotential therapeutic utility of mGluR modulation in acute and chronic injury and neurodegeneration.

中文翻译：

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代谢型谷氨酸受体作为神经系统疾病多潜能治疗的靶标。


谷氨酸是中枢神经系统中主要的兴奋性神经递质，参与许多细胞功能，包括细胞死亡和存活。代谢型谷氨酸受体 (mGluR) 是 G 蛋白偶联受体，根据信号转导途径和药理学特征分为三组。 I、II 和 III 组 mGluR 存在于 CNS 内部和周围的细胞类型中，包括神经元、小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、T 细胞和 B 细胞淋巴细胞、成骨细胞、肝细胞和内皮细胞等。这些受体对细胞有许多影响，可以影响创伤后的结果，包括减少神经元和少突胶质细胞死亡、炎症和内皮通透性。因此，mGluRs 是一种有前途的多潜能治疗方法。由于中枢神经系统创伤和神经变性的病理学是多因素的（包括例如氧化应激、线粒体分解和炎症），因此调节多种病理生理途径的疗法可能比针对单一靶点的疗法更有效。本综述探讨了 mGluR 调节在急性和慢性损伤以及神经变性中的多潜能治疗效用。