We investigated the semantic blocking effect in picture naming and word–picture matching for two nonfluent aphasic patients who show evidence of a deficit in inhibiting verbal representations (M.L. and B.Q.), one fluent aphasic patient (K.V.), and neurologically intact control participants. In two picture-naming tasks (Experiments 1A and 1B), M.L. and B.Q., relative to controls, showed a greatly exaggerated semantic blocking effect in naming latencies that increased dramatically across repeated presentations. On two corresponding word–picture matching tasks (Experiments 2A and 2B), both also showed an increasing semantic blocking effect, though the effects were not as large nor as consistent as those in naming. The fluent patient, K.V., showed a pattern like controls on both tasks. On an associated word–picture matching task, both M.L. and B.Q. showed results paralleling those of controls. The contrast between the production and comprehension patterns for M.L. and B.Q. supports the conclusion that their exaggerated blocking effect in production arises during lexical rather than semantic selection. We postulate that M.L.'s (and potentially B.Q.'s) production effect is due to difficulties in postselection inhibition, which results in overactivation of lexical representations. This overactivation is likely to be one source of their nonfluency in spontaneous speech.

中文翻译：

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单词产生和理解的抑制缺陷的后果：来自语义阻塞范式的证据

我们调查了两名不流利的失语症患者（ML 和 BQ）、一名流利的失语症患者 (KV) 和神经功能完好的对照参与者在图片命名和词-图片匹配方面的语义阻塞效应，他们表现出抑制语言表达的缺陷。在两个图片命名任务（实验 1A 和 1B）中，ML 和 BQ 相对于对照，在命名延迟中表现出极大的语义阻塞效应，在重复演示中显着增加。在两个相应的字-图匹配任务（实验 2A 和 2B）中，两者都表现出越来越大的语义阻塞效应，尽管这种效应没有命名那么大，也不那么一致。流利的患者 KV 在两项任务中都表现出类似控制的模式。在相关的字-图片匹配任务中，ML 和 BQ 显示的结果与对照的结果平行。ML 和 BQ 的生产模式和理解模式之间的对比支持这样一个结论，即它们在生产中的夸大阻塞效应是在词汇而不是语义选择期间产生的。我们假设 ML（和潜在的 BQ）产生效应是由于后选择抑制的困难，这导致词汇表示的过度激活。这种过度活跃很可能是他们无法自发讲话的原因之一。s) 产生效应是由于后选择抑制的困难，导致词汇表征的过度激活。这种过度活跃很可能是他们无法自发讲话的原因之一。s) 产生效应是由于后选择抑制的困难，导致词汇表征的过度激活。这种过度活跃很可能是他们无法自发讲话的原因之一。