BACKGROUND High levels of stress among ambulance personnel have been attributed to the conditions of ambulance work. However, there is little research to support this notion, and it has been questioned whether ambulance work is inherently stressful. We compared the severity and frequency level of organizational and ambulance-specific stressors, and studied their relationship to organizational conditions and individual differences METHODS A comprehensive nationwide questionnaire survey of ambulance personnel (n = 1180) in operational duty. The questionnaire included the Job Stress Survey, the Norwegian Ambulance Stress Survey, the Basic Character Inventory, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and questions addressing organizational conditions. RESULTS Serious operational tasks and physical demands were identified as the two most severe stressors. Lack of support from co-workers was the most severe and frequent organizational stressor. Higher frequency of stressors was most strongly associated with size of service districts (beta ranging between .18 and .30, p < .01) and working overtime (beta ranging from .13 to .27, p < .05). Stressor severity was related to lack of support after exposure to critical event (beta ranging from .11 to .24, p < .01) and working overtime. Neuroticism (beta ranging from .09 to .17, p < .01) and low general self-efficacy (beta ranging from -.12 to -.16, p < .001) were equally strongly related to severity of stressors, as were organizational conditions. CONCLUSION Ambulance-specific stressors were reported as both more severe and more frequently occurring stressors than were organizational stressors. Organizational working conditions were more strongly related to frequency of job stressors than were individual differences. In general, the relationship between occupational stressors and individual differences was weak.

中文翻译：

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职业压力源及其组织和个人相关性：对挪威救护人员的全国性研究。

背景技术救护人员的高度压力归因于救护工作的条件。然而，支持这一观点的研究很少，而且有人质疑救护车工作是否具有内在的压力。我们比较了组织和救护车特定压力源的严重程度和频率水平，并研究了它们与组织条件和个体差异的关系。问卷包括工作压力调查、挪威救护车压力调查、基本性格量表、一般自我效能感量表和有关组织条件的问题。结果 严重的操作任务和体力要求被确定为两个最严重的压力源。缺乏同事的支持是最严重和最常见的组织压力源。较高频率的压力源与服务区的规模（β 范围在 0.18 到 0.30 之间，p < .01）和加班（β 范围从 .13 到 .27，p < .05）密切相关。压力源的严重程度与暴露于危急事件（β 范围从 0.11 到 0.24，p < .01）和加班后缺乏支持有关。神经质（β 范围从 .09 到 .17，p < .01）和低一般自我效能感（β 范围从 -.12 到 -.16，p < .001）与压力源的严重程度同样密切相关，正如组织条件。结论 与组织压力源相比，救护车特有的压力源被报告为更严重和更频繁发生的压力源。与个体差异相比，组织工作条件与工作压力源频率的相关性更强。总体而言，职业压力源与个体差异之间的关系较弱。