BACKGROUND Poisoned patients are often treated in and discharged from pre-hospital health care settings. Studies of poisonings should therefore not only include hospitalized patients. AIMS To describe the acutely poisoned patients treated by ambulance personnel and in an outpatient clinic; compare patients transferred to a higher treatment level with those discharged without transfer; and study the one-week mortality after pre-hospital discharge. METHODS A one-year multi-centre study with prospective inclusion of all acutely poisoned patients > or = 16 years of age treated in ambulances, an outpatient clinic, and hospitals in Oslo. RESULTS A total of 3757 health service contacts from 2997 poisoning episodes were recorded: 1860 were treated in ambulances, of which 15 died and 750 (40%) were discharged without transfer; 956 were treated in outpatient clinic, of which 801 (84%) were discharged without transfer; and 941 episodes were treated in hospitals. Patients discharged alive after ambulance treatment were mainly poisoned by opiates (70%), were frequently comatose (35%), had respiratory depression (37%), and many received naloxone (49%). The majority of the patients discharged from the outpatient clinic were poisoned by ethanol (55%), fewer were comatose (10%), and they rarely had respiratory depression (4%). Among the hospitalized, pharmaceutical poisonings were most common (58%), 23% were comatose, and 7% had respiratory depression. Male patients comprised 69% of the pre-hospital discharges, but only 46% of the hospitalized patients. Except for one patient, who died of a new heroin overdose two days following discharge from an ambulance, there were no deaths during the first week after the poisonings in the 90% of the pre-hospital discharged patients with known identity. CONCLUSION More than half of the poisoned patients treated in pre-hospital treatment settings were discharged without transfer to higher levels. These poisonings were more often caused by drug and alcohol abuse than in those who were hospitalized, and more than two-thirds were males. Almost half of those discharged from ambulances received an antidote. The pre-hospital treatment of these poisonings appears safe regarding short-term mortality.

中文翻译：

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奥斯陆急性中毒的院前治疗。

背景技术中毒患者经常在院前医疗保健环境中接受治疗和出院。因此，中毒研究不应只包括住院患者。目的 描述由救护人员和门诊治疗的急性中毒患者；将转入更高治疗水平的患者与未转出出院的患者进行比较；并研究出院前一周的死亡率。方法 一项为期一年的多中心研究，前瞻性纳入所有在奥斯陆救护车、门诊和医院接受治疗的 16 岁以上急性中毒患者。结果 共记录了 2997 次中毒事件的 3757 名卫生服务接触者：1860 人在救护车上接受治疗，其中 15 人死亡，750 人（40%）未经转运出院；956人在门诊就诊，其中801人（84%）未转院出院；941 集在医院接受治疗。救护车治疗后出院的患者主要是阿片类药物中毒（70%），经常昏迷（35%），呼吸抑制（37%），许多患者接受了纳洛酮（49%）。从门诊出院的患者大部分是乙醇中毒（55%），昏迷者较少（10%），很少出现呼吸抑制（4%）。在住院患者中，药物中毒最为常见（58%），23% 为昏迷，7% 为呼吸抑制。男性患者占院前出院人数的 69%，但仅占住院患者的 46%。除了一名患者在从救护车出院两天后死于新的海洛因过量，90% 的出院前已知身份的患者在中毒后的第一周内没有死亡。结论 在院前治疗环境中接受治疗的中毒患者中，超过一半在没有转移到更高级别的情况下出院。与住院患者相比，这些中毒更常由吸毒和酗酒引起，其中三分之二以上是男性。从救护车上出院的人中，几乎有一半得到了解毒剂。就短期死亡率而言，这些中毒的院前治疗似乎是安全的。与住院患者相比，这些中毒更常由吸毒和酗酒引起，其中三分之二以上是男性。从救护车上出院的人中，几乎有一半得到了解毒剂。就短期死亡率而言，这些中毒的院前治疗似乎是安全的。与住院患者相比，这些中毒更常由吸毒和酗酒引起，其中三分之二以上是男性。从救护车上出院的人中，几乎有一半得到了解毒剂。就短期死亡率而言，这些中毒的院前治疗似乎是安全的。