This study reports the effects of retinoic acid on the spatiotemporal expressions of Vangl1 and Vangl2 in mouse fetuses. A single dose of 120 mg/kg body weight of all-trans-retinoic acid suspended in olive oil was administered intragastrically to each pregnant BALB/C mice on embryonic day (E) 9.5 (group 1, G1) or E10.5 (group 2, G2); mice treated with pure olive oil on E9.5 or E10.5 served as control groups. The expression of Vangl1 and Vangl2 in fetuses was investigated by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and their spatial and temporal expression was detected by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) on E10.5, E11.5, E13.5, E15.5, E17.5, and E19.5, respectively. The study indicated that the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in live birth and craniofacial NTD rate were significantly higher in G1 (100% and 25.6%) than that in G2 (78.2% and 5.7%), both P < 0.01. Vangl1 and Vangl2 were strongly expressed throughout neurulation in embryos of control groups. G1 embryos exhibited a dramatic downregulation of Vangl1 and Vangl2 expression from cranial regions to posterior neuropore compared with the control group of G1 (all P < 0.01). In contrast, both transcripts in G2 embryos were significantly downregulated and weakly expressed in whole embryos on E11.5 and in the spinal region of the neural tube from E15.5 to E19.5, but moderately downregulated in the cranial region of the neural tube from E15.5 to E19.5 (all P < 0.01). In conclusion, Vangl1 and Vangl2 transcript downregulation might be implicated in the occurrence of mouse NTDs induced by retinoic acid.

中文翻译：

---

维甲酸对小鼠胎儿Vangl1和vangl2表达的影响。

这项研究报告了视黄酸对小鼠胎儿中Vangl1和Vangl2时空表达的影响。在胚胎第9.5天（第1组，G1）或第10.5天（第1组），对每只怀孕的BALB / C小鼠进行胃内单次剂量悬浮于橄榄油中的全反式视黄酸120 mg / kg体重2，G2）；用纯橄榄油在E9.5或E10.5上处理的小鼠作为对照组。通过逆转录PCR（RT-PCR）研究了Vangl1和Vangl2在胎儿中的表达，并通过在E10.5，E11.5，E13.5，分别为E15.5，E17.5和E19.5。研究表明，活产神经管缺陷（NTD）的发生率和颅面NTD率在G1组（100％和25.6％）明显高于G2组（78％）。2％和5.7％），均P <0.01。Vangl1和Vangl2在整个培养过程中均在对照组胚胎中强烈表达。与对照组相比，G1胚胎从颅骨区域到后神经孔的Vangl1和Vangl2表达显着下调（所有P <0.01）。相反，G2胚胎中的两个转录本在E11.5和从E15.5到E19.5的神经管的脊柱区域的整个胚胎中均显着下调并且表达较弱，但在神经管的颅骨区域中适度下调从E15.5到E19.5（所有P <0.01）。总之，Vangl1和Vangl2转录下调可能与视黄酸诱导的小鼠NTD的发生有关。Vangl1和Vangl2在整个培养过程中均在对照组胚胎中强烈表达。与对照组相比，G1胚胎从颅骨区域到后神经孔的Vangl1和Vangl2表达显着下调（所有P <0.01）。相反，G2胚胎中的两个转录本在E11.5和从E15.5到E19.5的神经管的脊柱区域的整个胚胎中均显着下调并且表达较弱，但在神经管的颅骨区域中适度下调从E15.5到E19.5（所有P <0.01）。总之，Vangl1和Vangl2转录下调可能与视黄酸诱导的小鼠NTD的发生有关。Vangl1和Vangl2在整个培养过程中均在对照组胚胎中强烈表达。与对照组相比，G1胚胎从颅骨区域到后神经孔的Vangl1和Vangl2表达显着下调（所有P <0.01）。相反，G2胚胎中的两个转录本在E11.5和从E15.5到E19.5的神经管脊髓区域的整个胚胎中均显着下调并且表达较弱，但在神经管的颅骨区域中适度下调从E15.5到E19.5（所有P <0.01）。总之，Vangl1和Vangl2转录下调可能与视黄酸诱导的小鼠NTD的发生有关。与对照组相比，G1胚胎从颅骨区域到后神经孔的Vangl1和Vangl2表达显着下调（所有P <0.01）。相反，G2胚胎中的两个转录本在E11.5和从E15.5到E19.5的神经管的脊柱区域的整个胚胎中均显着下调并且表达较弱，但在神经管的颅骨区域中适度下调从E15.5到E19.5（所有P <0.01）。总之，Vangl1和Vangl2转录下调可能与视黄酸诱导的小鼠NTD的发生有关。与对照组相比，G1胚胎从颅骨区域到后神经孔的Vangl1和Vangl2表达显着下调（所有P <0.01）。相反，G2胚胎中的两个转录本在E11.5和从E15.5到E19.5的神经管的脊柱区域的整个胚胎中均显着下调并且表达较弱，但在神经管的颅骨区域中适度下调从E15.5到E19.5（所有P <0.01）。总之，Vangl1和Vangl2转录下调可能与视黄酸诱导的小鼠NTD的发生有关。但在神经管的颅骨区域从E15.5到E19.5适度下调（所有P <0.01）。总之，Vangl1和Vangl2转录下调可能与视黄酸诱导的小鼠NTD的发生有关。但在神经管的颅骨区域从E15.5到E19.5适度下调（所有P <0.01）。总之，Vangl1和Vangl2转录下调可能与视黄酸诱导的小鼠NTD的发生有关。