The development of faecal bacteria composition in calves fed milk or a combined diet was investigated from 4 to 21 days of age. On day 7, bifidobacteria in faeces of milk-fed calves already increased from about 7.6 to 9.2 log CFU/g and did not change until the end of the study, whereas in calves fed the combined diet bifidobacteria only moderately increased to 7.9 log CFU/g and decreased slowly until day 21. The counts of bifidobacteria in calves on a combined diet were significantly (p < 0.01) lower compared to those in milk-fed calves. Bifidobacterial counts determined by cultivation or by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) did not differ significantly. Our results showed that the occurrence of bifidobacteria in calf faeces is highly dependent on the diet composition. Faecal bacteria flora of calves fed exclusively by milk is rich in bifidobacteria, but in calves on a combined diet coliforms dominated.

中文翻译：

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饲喂牛奶或混合饮食的犊牛粪便中双歧杆菌的出现

研究了 4 至 21 日龄的犊牛在饲喂牛奶或混合饮食时粪便细菌组成的发展情况。在第 7 天，牛奶喂养的小牛粪便中的双歧杆菌已经从大约 7.6 log CFU/g 增加到 9.2 log CFU/g，并且直到研究结束才发生变化，而在联合饮食喂养的小牛中，双歧杆菌仅适度增加到 7.9 log CFU/g g 并缓慢下降，直到第 21 天。与牛奶喂养的小牛相比，混合饮食的小牛的双歧杆菌数量显着降低（p < 0.01）。通过培养或荧光原位杂交 (FISH) 确定的双歧杆菌计数没有显着差异。我们的结果表明，小牛粪便中双歧杆菌的出现高度依赖于饮食成分。