The increasing world demand for fuels makes it necessary to exploit the largest reserve of extra-heavy crude oil (EHCO) of the Orinoco Oil Belt from Venezuela. We propose the use of extracellular oxidative enzymes, in particular, lignin-degrading enzyme systems (LDS) of fungi, for enzymatic improvement of EHCO. Autochthonous non-white rot fungal strains able to use EHCO, and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as sole carbon source and energy, were isolated from EHCO-polluted soils and identified as belonging to the genera Fusarium, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Neosartorya, Pseudallescheria, Cladosporium, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma and Paecillomyces. Phenotypic and biochemical assays revealed the ability of these filamentous fungi to synthesize extracellular oxidative enzymes, and suggested a relationship between the LDS and EHCO bioconversion. This work reports, for the first time, the use of o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (OPD) as substrate to measure extracellular ligninolytic peroxidases (ELP) in culture broths of filamentous fungi (Fusarium solani HP-1), and constitutes the first formal study of the fungal community associated with the EHCO of the Orinoco Oil Belt.

中文翻译：

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具有委内瑞拉超重原油酶促升级潜力的本土非白腐真菌的分离

世界对燃料日益增长的需求使得有必要从委内瑞拉开采奥里诺科石油带最大的超重原油 (EHCO) 储量。我们建议使用细胞外氧化酶，特别是真菌的木质素降解酶系统 (LDS)，用于 EHCO 的酶促改进。从 EHCO 污染的土壤中分离出能够使用 EHCO 和几种多环芳烃 (PAH) 作为唯一碳源和能源的非白腐真菌菌株，并鉴定为属于镰刀菌属、青霉属、木霉属、曲霉属、新沙门菌属, Pseudallescheria, Cladosporium, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma 和 Paecillomyces。表型和生化分析揭示了这些丝状真菌合成细胞外氧化酶的能力，并提出了 LDS 和 EHCO 生物转化之间的关系。这项工作首次报道了使用邻苯二胺二盐酸盐 (OPD) 作为底物来测量丝状真菌 (Fusarium solani HP-1) 培养液中的细胞外木质素分解过氧化物酶 (ELP)，并构成了首次正式研究与奥里诺科石油带 EHCO 相关的真菌群落。