Bacterial pathogens utilize toxins to modify or kill host cells. The bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferases are a family of protein toxins that covalently transfer the ADP-ribose portion of NAD to host proteins. Each bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin modifies a specific host protein(s) that yields a unique pathology. These toxins possess the capacity to enter a host cell or to use a bacterial Type III apparatus for delivery into the host cell. Advances in our understanding of bacterial toxin action parallel the development of biophysical and structural biology as well as our understanding of the mammalian cell. Bacterial toxins have been utilized as vaccines, as tools to dissect host cell physiology, and more recently for the development of novel therapies to treat human disease.

中文翻译：

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ADP-核糖基化毒素细胞毒性的分子机制。


细菌病原体利用毒素来改变或杀死宿主细胞。细菌 ADP-核糖基转移酶是蛋白质毒素家族，可将 NAD 的 ADP-核糖部分共价转移至宿主蛋白质。每种细菌 ADP-核糖基转移酶毒素都会修饰特定的宿主蛋白，从而产生独特的病理学。这些毒素具有进入宿主细胞或使用细菌III型装置递送至宿主细胞的能力。我们对细菌毒素作用的理解的进展与生物物理和结构生物学的发展以及我们对哺乳动物细胞的理解并行。细菌毒素已被用作疫苗、剖析宿主细胞生理学的工具，最近还被用于开发治疗人类疾病的新疗法。