The skeleton contains three specific cell types: chondrocytes in cartilage and osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone. Our understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms that lead to cell differentiation along these three lineages has increased considerably in the past ten years. In the case of chondrocytes and osteoblasts advances have been made possible largely through the molecular elucidation of human skeletal dysplasias. This review discusses the key transcription factors that regulate skeletogenesis and highlights their function, mode of action, and regulation by other factors, with a special emphasis on how human genetics has contributed to this knowledge.

中文翻译：

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骨骼生成的转录控制。

骨骼包含三种特定的细胞类型：软骨中的软骨细胞，骨中的成骨细胞和破骨细胞。在过去的十年中，我们对导致沿着这三个谱系进行细胞分化的转录机制的了解已大大增加。在软骨细胞和成骨细胞的情况下，通过分子阐明人类骨骼异型增生在很大程度上已经取得了进展。这篇综述讨论了调节骨骼生成的关键转录因子，并突出了它们的功能，作用方式和其他因子的调控，特别强调了人类遗传学如何促进这一知识的发展。