In two experiments, participants studied word pairs and later discriminated old (intact) word pairs from foils, including recombined word pairs and pairs including one or two previously unstudied words. Rather than making old/new memory judgments, they chose one of five responses: (1) Old-Old (original), (2) Old-Old (rearranged), (3) Old-New, (4) New-Old, (5) New-New. To tease apart the effects of item familiarity from those of associative strength, we varied both how many times a specific word-pair was repeated (1 or 5) and how many different word pairs were associated with a given word (1 or 5). Participants could discriminate associative information from item information such that they recognized which word of a foil was new, or whether both were new, as well as discriminating recombined studied words from original pairings. The error and latency data support the view that item and associative information are stored as distinct memory representations and make separate contributions at retrieval.

中文翻译：

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项目和关联的记忆：联想识别中的独特表征和过程


在两个实验中，参与者研究了单词对，然后从箔中区分出旧的（完整的）单词对，包括重新组合的单词对和包含一两个以前未研究过的单词的单词对。他们没有做出新旧记忆判断，而是选择了五种反应之一：（1）旧-旧（原始），（2）旧-旧（重新排列），（3）旧-新，（4）新-旧， (5)新-新。为了区分项目熟悉度的影响和联想强度的影响，我们改变了特定单词对的重复次数（1 或 5）以及与给定单词关联的不同单词对的数量（1 或 5）。参与者可以区分关联信息和项目信息，以便他们识别箔片中的哪个单词是新的，或者两者是否都是新的，以及区分重新组合的研究单词和原始配对。错误和延迟数据支持这样的观点：项目和关联信息存储为不同的记忆表示形式，并在检索时做出单独的贡献。