The electronics of a general biomedical device consist of energy delivery, analog-to-digital conversion, signal processing, and communication subsystems. Each of these blocks must be designed for minimum energy consumption. Specific design techniques, such as aggressive voltage scaling, dynamic power-performance management, and energy-efficient signaling, must be employed to adhere to the stringent energy constraint. The constraint itself is set by the energy source, so energy harvesting holds tremendous promise toward enabling sophisticated systems without straining user lifestyle. Further, once harvested, efficient delivery of the low-energy levels, as well as robust operation in the aggressive low-power modes, requires careful understanding and treatment of the specific design limitations that dominate this realm. We outline the performance and power constraints of biomedical devices, and present circuit techniques to achieve complete systems operating down to power levels of microwatts. In all cases, approaches that leverage advanced technology trends are emphasized.

中文翻译：

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用于生物医学应用的超低功耗电子产品。

普通生物医学设备的电子设备包括能量输送，模数转换，信号处理和通信子系统。这些模块中的每一个都必须设计成能耗最小。必须采用特定的设计技术，例如积极的电压调节，动态功率性能管理和节能信号，以遵守严格的能源约束。约束本身是由能源设置的，因此能量收集在实现复杂系统而又不会给用户带来负担的情况下具有广阔的前景。此外，一旦被收获，低能量水平的有效传送以及激进的低功率模式下的稳健运行，需要仔细理解和处理主导该领域的特定设计限制。我们概述了生物医学设备的性能和功率限制，并介绍了实现低至微瓦功率水平的完整系统的电路技术。在所有情况下，都强调利用先进技术趋势的方法。