One of the most exciting discoveries in biological adhesion is the recent and counter-intuitive observation that the lifetimes of some biological adhesive bonds, called catch bonds, are enhanced by tensile mechanical force. At least two types of adhesive proteins have been shown to form catch bonds--blood proteins called selectins and a bacterial protein called FimH. Both mediate shear-enhanced adhesion, in which cells bind more strongly at high shear than at low shear. Single-molecule experiments and cell-free assays have now clearly demonstrated that catch bonds exist and mediate shear-enhanced adhesion. However, the mechanics of cellular organelles also contribute to shear-enhanced adhesion by modulating the force applied to catch bonds. This review examines how individual catch bond behavior contributes to shear-enhanced cellular adhesion for the two best-understood examples. The lessons from these systems offer design principles for understanding other types of shear-enhanced adhesion and for engineering nanostructured force-dependent adhesives out of catch bonds.

中文翻译：

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抓住粘结力。

在生物粘附方面最令人兴奋的发现之一是最近的反直觉观察，即某些生物粘附键（称为捕获键）的寿命会因拉伸机械力而延长。已显示至少两种类型的黏附蛋白形成捕获键-称为选择素的血液蛋白和称为FimH的细菌蛋白。两者都介导剪切增强的粘附，其中细胞在高剪切下的结合比在低剪切下的结合更牢固。现在，单分子实验和无细胞测定法已清楚地表明存在捕获键并介导剪切增强的粘附。但是，细胞器的力学也可以通过调节施加到捕获键上的力来提高剪切力。这篇综述探讨了两个最容易理解的例子，个体的捕获键行为如何促进剪切增强的细胞粘附。这些系统的课程提供了一些设计原理，可用于理解其他类型的剪切增强型粘合力，以及用于将纳米结构力依赖于粘合剂的工程粘合剂。