As companion animals age and pass through various life stages from in utero to the geriatric state, nutrient requirements change along with the manner in which nutrients are utilized by the various organ systems in the body. From the regulatory perspective, recognized life stages include maintenance, growth, and gestation/lactation. Other important life stages include in utero, the neonate, and the senior/geriatric state. Age affects digestive physiological properties, too, and factors such as gut microbiota, digestive hormones, gut morphology, gut immunity, and nutrient digestibility are modified as the animal becomes older. Each of the nutrients is affected in some manner by age, some more than others. Genomic biology offers promise in helping elucidate in greater detail how nutrient utilization is affected by age of the dog and cat.

中文翻译：

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与年龄有关的伴侣动物养分利用的变化。

随着伴侣动物的衰老和经历从子宫到老年状态的各个生命阶段，营养需求随人体各种器官系统利用营养的方式而变化。从法规的角度来看，公认的生命阶段包括维持，生长和妊娠/哺乳。其他重要的生命阶段包括子宫内，新生儿和老年/老年人状态。年龄也会影响消化生理特性，随着动物的长大，诸如肠道菌群，消化激素，肠道形态，肠道免疫力和营养消化率等因素也会发生改变。每种营养素都会随着年龄的增长而受到某种方式的影响，而这种影响要比其他方式更大。基因组生物学有望帮助更详细地阐明狗和猫的年龄如何影响养分利用。