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The diversity of small eukaryotic phytoplankton (< or =3 microm) in marine ecosystems.
FEMS Microbiology Reviews ( IF 10.1 ) Pub Date : 2008-06-20 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00121.x
Daniel Vaulot 1 , Wenche Eikrem , Manon Viprey , Hervé Moreau
Affiliation  

Small cells dominate photosynthetic biomass and primary production in many marine ecosystems. Traditionally, picoplankton refers to cells < or =2 microm. Here we extend the size range of the organisms considered to 3 microm, a threshold often used operationally in field studies. While the prokaryotic component of picophytoplankton is dominated by two genera, Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, the eukaryotic fraction is much more diverse. Since the discovery of the ubiquitous Micromonas pusilla in the early 1950s, just over 70 species that can be <3 microm have been described. In fact, most algal classes contain such species. Less than a decade ago, culture-independent approaches (in particular, cloning and sequencing, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, FISH) have demonstrated that the diversity of eukaryotic picoplankton is much more extensive than could be assumed from described taxa alone. These approaches revealed the importance of certain classes such as the Prasinophyceae but also unearthed novel divisions such as the recently described picobiliphytes. In the last couple of years, the first genomes of photosynthetic picoplankton have become available, providing key information on their physiological capabilities. In this paper, we discuss the range of methods that can be used to assess small phytoplankton diversity, present the species described to date, review the existing molecular data obtained on field populations, and end up by looking at the promises offered by genomics.

中文翻译:

海洋生态系统中小型真核浮游植物(<或= 3微米)的多样性。

在许多海洋生态系统中,小细胞主导着光合生物量和初级生产。传统上,微微浮游生物是指小于或等于2微米的细胞。在这里,我们将生物体的大小范围扩展到3微米,这是在田间研究中经常使用的阈值。浮游植物的原核成分主要由原球菌属和聚球菌属两个属所控制,而真核生物则更为多样化。自从1950年代初发现无处不在的Micromonas pusilla以来,已经描述了70多个物种,其<3 microm。实际上,大多数藻类都包含此类物种。不到十年前,与文化无关的方法(尤其是克隆和测序,变性梯度凝胶电泳,FISH)表明,真核微微浮游生物的多样性比仅从所描述的分类单元所能想象的要广泛得多。这些方法揭示了某些类(如古生物科)的重要性,但也揭示了诸如最近描述的皮科植物之类的新发现。在最近几年中,光合作用的浮游生物的第一个基因组已经可用,提供了有关其生理能力的关键信息。在本文中,我们讨论了可用于评估小型浮游植物多样性,介绍迄今所描述物种,回顾田间种群获得的现有分子数据以及最后查看基因组学前景的方法范围。这些方法揭示了某些类(如古生物科)的重要性,但也揭示了诸如最近描述的皮科植物之类的新发现。在最近几年中,光合作用的浮游生物的第一个基因组已经可用,提供了有关其生理能力的关键信息。在本文中,我们讨论了可用于评估小型浮游植物多样性,介绍迄今所描述物种,回顾田间种群获得的现有分子数据以及最后查看基因组学前景的方法范围。这些方法揭示了某些类(如古生物科)的重要性,但也揭示了诸如最近描述的皮科植物之类的新发现。在最近几年中,光合作用的浮游生物的第一个基因组已经可用,提供了有关其生理能力的关键信息。在本文中,我们讨论了可用于评估小型浮游植物多样性,介绍迄今所描述物种,回顾田间种群获得的现有分子数据以及最后查看基因组学前景的方法范围。提供有关其生理功能的关键信息。在本文中,我们讨论了可用于评估小型浮游植物多样性,介绍迄今所描述物种,回顾田间种群获得的现有分子数据以及最后查看基因组学前景的方法范围。提供有关其生理功能的关键信息。在本文中,我们讨论了可用于评估小型浮游植物多样性,介绍迄今所描述物种,回顾田间种群获得的现有分子数据以及最后查看基因组学前景的方法范围。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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