Scientists in many different fields have been attracted to the study of habits because of the power habits have over behavior and because they invoke a dichotomy between the conscious, voluntary control over behavior, considered the essence of higher-order deliberative behavioral control, and lower-order behavioral control that is scarcely available to consciousness. A broad spectrum of behavioral routines and rituals can become habitual and stereotyped through learning. Others have a strong innate basis. Repetitive behaviors can also appear as cardinal symptoms in a broad range of neurological and neuropsychiatric illness and in addictive states. This review suggests that many of these behaviors could emerge as a result of experience-dependent plasticity in basal ganglia-based circuits that can influence not only overt behaviors but also cognitive activity. Culturally based rituals may reflect privileged interactions between the basal ganglia and cortically based circuits that influence social, emotional, and action functions of the brain.

中文翻译：

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习惯、仪式和评估大脑。

许多不同领域的科学家都被习惯的研究所吸引，因为习惯具有支配行为的权力，并且因为他们在有意识的、自愿的行为控制（被认为是高级审慎行为控制的本质）和低级行为控制之间提出了二分法。命令意识几乎无法控制的行为。广泛的行为惯例和仪式可以通过学习成为习惯和刻板印象。其他人则具有强大的先天基础。重复行为也可以作为广泛的神经和神经精神疾病以及成瘾状态的主要症状出现。这篇综述表明，这些行为中的许多可能是基于基底神经节的回路中依赖经验的可塑性的结果，这种可塑性不仅可以影响明显的行为，还可以影响认知活动。基于文化的仪式可能反映了基底神经节和影响大脑社交、情感和行动功能的基于皮质的回路之间的特权相互作用。