BACKGROUND Microbial colonization of the intestine after birth is an important step for the development of the gut immune system. The acquisition of passive immunity through breast-feeding may influence the pattern of bacterial colonization in the newborn. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the administration of a probiotic fermented milk (PFM) containing yogurt starter cultures and the probiotic bacteria strain Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 to mothers during nursing or their offspring, on the intestinal bacterial population and on parameters of the gut immune system. RESULTS Fifteen mice of each group were sacrificed at ages 12, 21, 28 and 45 days. Large intestines were taken for determination of intestinal microbiota, and small intestines for the study of secretory-IgA (S-IgA) in fluid and the study of IgA+ cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and goblet cells on tissue samples. The consumption of the PFM either by the mother during nursing or by the offspring after weaning modified the development of bifidobacteria population in the large intestine of the mice. These modifications were accompanied with a decrease of enterobacteria population. The administration of this PFM to the mothers improved their own immune system and this also affected their offspring. Offspring from mice that received PFM increased S-IgA in intestinal fluids, which mainly originated from their mother's immune system. A decrease in the number of macrophages, dendritic cells and IgA+ cells during the suckling period in offspring fed with PFM was observed; this could be related with the improvement of the immunity of the mothers, which passively protect their babies. At day 45, the mice reach maturity of their own immune system and the effects of the PFM was the stimulation of their mucosal immunity. CONCLUSION The present work shows the beneficial effect of the administration of a PFM not only to the mothers during the suckling period but also to their offspring after weaning and until adulthood. This effect positively improved the intestinal microbiota that are related with a modulation of the gut immune response, which was demonstrated with the stimulation of the IgA + cells, macrophages and dendritic cells.

中文翻译：

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含有干酪乳杆菌 DN-114001 的发酵乳对哺乳小鼠和断奶后直至免疫成熟的肠道微生物群和肠道相关免疫细胞的影响。

背景出生后肠道的微生物定植是肠道免疫系统发育的重要步骤。通过母乳喂养获得被动免疫可能会影响新生儿的细菌定植模式。这项工作的目的是评估在哺乳期间给母亲或其后代服用含有酸奶发酵剂培养物和益生菌菌株干酪乳杆菌 DN-114001 的益生菌发酵乳 (PFM) 对肠道细菌种群和肠道菌群的影响。肠道免疫系统参数。结果每组15只小鼠在12、21、28和45天时被处死。大肠用于测定肠道微生物群，小肠用于研究液体中的分泌型 IgA (S-IgA) 和研究 IgA+ 细胞、巨噬细胞、组织样本上的树突状细胞和杯状细胞。母亲在哺乳期间或断奶后后代对 PFM 的消耗改变了小鼠大肠中双歧杆菌种群的发育。这些修改伴随着肠杆菌群的减少。给母亲服用这种 PFM 改善了她们自己的免疫系统，这也影响了她们的后代。接受 PFM 的小鼠的后代肠液中的 S-IgA 增加，这主要来自其母亲的免疫系统。观察到喂食 PFM 的后代在哺乳期间巨噬细胞、树突状细胞和 IgA+ 细胞的数量减少；这可能与妈妈的免疫力提高有关，后者被动地保护了自己的宝宝。在第 45 天，小鼠自身免疫系统成熟，PFM 的作用是刺激它们的粘膜免疫。结论 目前的工作表明，PFM 的使用不仅对哺乳期的母亲有益，而且对断奶后直至成年的后代也有益处。这种作用积极改善了与肠道免疫反应调节相关的肠道微生物群，这在 IgA + 细胞、巨噬细胞和树突细胞的刺激中得到了证明。