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Synthetic Routes to Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway Intermediates and Downstream Isoprenoids
Current Organic Chemistry ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2014-06-01 , DOI: 10.2174/1385272819666140501001101
Sarah K Jarchow-Choy 1 , Andrew T Koppisch 2 , David T Fox 1
Affiliation  

Isoprenoids constitute the largest class of natural products with greater than 55,000 identified members. They play essential roles in maintaining proper cellular function leading to maintenance of human health, plant defense mechanisms against predators, and are often exploited for their beneficial properties in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Most impressively, all known isoprenoids are derived from one of two C5-precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) or dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). In order to study the enzyme transformations leading to the extensive structural diversity found within this class of compounds there must be access to the substrates. Sometimes, intermediates within a biological pathway can be isolated and used directly to study enzyme/pathway function. However, the primary route to most of the isoprenoid intermediates is through chemical catalysis. As such, this review provides the first exhaustive examination of synthetic routes to isoprenoid and isoprenoid precursors with particular emphasis on the syntheses of intermediates found as part of the 2C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. In addition, representative syntheses are presented for the monoterpenes (C10), sesquiterpenes (C15), diterpenes (C20), triterpenes (C30) and tetraterpenes (C40). Finally, in some instances, the synthetic routes to substrate analogs found both within the MEP pathway and downstream isoprenoids are examined.

中文翻译:

甲基赤藓糖醇磷酸途径中间体和下游类异戊二烯的合成途径

类异戊二烯是最大的一类天然产物,已确定的成员超过 55,000。它们在维持适当的细胞功能从而维持人类健康、植物防御捕食者的机制方面发挥着重要作用,并且经常因其有益特性而被用于制药和营养品行业。最令人印象深刻的是,所有已知的类异戊二烯都源自两种 C5 前体之一,异戊烯二磷酸 (IPP) 或二甲基烯丙基二磷酸 (DMAPP)。为了研究导致在此类化合物中发现的广泛结构多样性的酶转化,必须获得底物。有时,可以分离生物途径中的中间体并直接用于研究酶/途径功能。然而,大多数类异戊二烯中间体的主要途径是通过化学催化。因此,本综述首次对类异戊二烯和类异戊二烯前体的合成路线进行了详尽的研究,特别强调了作为 2C-甲基赤藓糖醇 4-磷酸 (MEP) 途径一部分发现的中间体的合成。此外,还介绍了单萜 (C10)、倍半萜 (C15)、二萜 (C20)、三萜 (C30) 和四萜 (C40) 的代表性合成。最后,在某些情况下,研究了在 MEP 途径和下游类异戊二烯中发现的底物类似物的合成路线。本综述首次对类异戊二烯和类异戊二烯前体的合成路线进行了详尽的研究,特别强调了作为 2C-甲基赤藓糖醇 4-磷酸 (MEP) 途径一部分发现的中间体的合成。此外,还介绍了单萜 (C10)、倍半萜 (C15)、二萜 (C20)、三萜 (C30) 和四萜 (C40) 的代表性合成。最后,在某些情况下,研究了在 MEP 途径和下游类异戊二烯中发现的底物类似物的合成路线。本综述首次对类异戊二烯和类异戊二烯前体的合成路线进行了详尽的研究,特别强调了作为 2C-甲基赤藓糖醇 4-磷酸 (MEP) 途径一部分发现的中间体的合成。此外,还介绍了单萜 (C10)、倍半萜 (C15)、二萜 (C20)、三萜 (C30) 和四萜 (C40) 的代表性合成。最后,在某些情况下,研究了在 MEP 途径和下游类异戊二烯中发现的底物类似物的合成路线。
更新日期:2014-06-01
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