Decision-making under risk has been variably characterized and examined in many different disciplines. However, interdisciplinary integration has not been forthcoming. Classic theories of decision-making have not been amply revised in light of greater empirical data on actual patterns of decision-making behavior. Furthermore, the meta-theoretical framework of evolution by natural selection has been largely ignored in theories of decision-making under risk in the human behavioral sciences. In this review, I critically examine four of the most influential theories of decision-making from economics, psychology, and biology: expected utility theory, prospect theory, risk-sensitivity theory, and heuristic approaches. I focus especially on risk-sensitivity theory, which offers a framework for understanding decision-making under risk that explicitly involves evolutionary considerations. I also review robust empirical evidence for individual differences and environmental/situational factors that predict actual risky decision-making that any general theory must account for. Finally, I offer steps toward integrating various theoretical perspectives and empirical findings on risky decision-making.

中文翻译：

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风险下的决策：从生物学，经济学和心理学角度整合观点。

在许多不同的学科中，风险下的决策已被不同地描述和检验。但是，跨学科整合尚未出现。鉴于更多有关决策行为实际模式的经验数据，尚未对经典的决策理论进行充分修订。此外，在人类行为科学的风险决策下，自然选择进化的元理论框架被很大程度上忽略了。在这篇综述中，我从经济学，心理学和生物学的角度审视了四种最有影响力的决策理论：预期效用理论，前景理论，风险敏感性理论和启发式方法。我特别关注风险敏感性理论，它提供了一个框架，用于理解在风险下的决策，该框架明确涉及进化方面的考虑。我还将回顾有关个体差异和环境/情境因素的有力的经验证据，这些因素可预测任何通用理论都必须考虑的实际风险决策。最后，我提供了一些步骤，以整合有关风险决策的各种理论观点和经验发现。