Addiction is almost universally held to be characterized by a loss of control over drug-seeking and consuming behavior. But the actions of addicts, even of those who seem to want to abstain from drugs, seem to be guided by reasons. In this paper, I argue that we can explain this fact, consistent with continuing to maintain that addiction involves a loss of control, by understanding addiction as involving an oscillation between conflicting judgments. I argue that the dysfunction of the mesolimbic dopamine system that typifies addictions causes the generation of a mismatch between the top-down model of the world that reflects the judgment that the addict ought to refrain from drugs, and bottom-up input caused by cues predictive of drug availability. This constitutes a powerful pressure toward revising the judgment and thereby attenuating the prediction error. But the new model is not stable, and shifts under the pressure of bottom-up inputs in different contexts; hence the oscillation of all-things-considered judgment. Evidence from social psychology is adduced, to suggest that a similar process may be involved in ordinary cases of weakness of will.

中文翻译：

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成瘾是一种信仰障碍

几乎普遍认为成瘾的特征是对寻求毒品和消费行为失去控制。但是吸毒者的行为，即使是那些似乎想要戒毒的人，似乎都受理性指导。在本文中，我认为我们可以通过将成瘾理解为涉及相互冲突的判断之间的振荡来解释这一事实，这与继续坚持认为成瘾涉及失控是一致的。我认为，代表成瘾的中脑边缘多巴胺系统的功能障碍导致自上而下的世界模型（反映成瘾者应该避免吸毒的判断）与由预测线索引起的自下而上的输入之间产生不匹配。药物可用性。这构成了修正判断从而减少预测误差的强大压力。但新模型并不稳定，在不同语境下在自下而上投入的压力下发生转变；因而万物有灵的判断的振荡。引用了来自社会心理学的证据，表明在意志薄弱的普通案例中可能涉及类似的过程。