Nano-iron metal and nano-iron oxides are among the most widely used engineered and naturally occurring nanostructures, and the increasing incidence of biological exposure to these nanostructures has raised concerns about their biotoxicity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress is one of the most accepted toxic mechanisms and, in the past decades, considerable efforts have been made to investigate the ROS-related activities of iron nanostructures. In this review, we summarize activities of nano-iron metal and nano-iron oxides in ROS-related redox processes, addressing in detail the known homogeneous and heterogeneous redox mechanisms involved in these processes, intrinsic ROS-related properties of iron nanostructures (chemical composition, particle size, and crystalline phase), and ROS-related bio-microenvironmental factors, including physiological pH and buffers, biogenic reducing agents, and other organic substances.

中文翻译：

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纳米铁金属和纳米铁氧化物的活性氧相关活性

纳米铁金属和纳米铁氧化物是最广泛使用的工程和天然存在的纳米结构之一，并且生物暴露于这些纳米结构的发生率增加引起了对其生物毒性的担忧。活性氧（ROS）诱导的氧化应激是最被接受的毒性机制之一，在过去的几十年中，已经做出了相当大的努力来研究铁纳米结构的 ROS 相关活性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了纳米铁金属和纳米铁氧化物在 ROS 相关氧化还原过程中的活性，详细讨论了这些过程中涉及的已知均相和异相氧化还原机制，铁纳米结构的固有 ROS 相关特性（化学成分，粒度和结晶相），以及与 ROS 相关的生物微环境因素，