Counterfactual reasoning (CFR)—mentally representing what the world would be like now if things had been different in the past—is an important aspect of human cognition and the focus of research in areas such as philosophy, social psychology, and clinical psychology. More recently, it has also gained broad interest in cognitive developmental psychology, mainly focusing on the question of how this kind of reasoning can be characterized. Studies have been inconsistent in identifying when children can use CFR. In this article, we present theoretical positions that may account for this inconsistency and evaluate them in the light of research on counterfactual emotions.

中文翻译：

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反事实推理：加强发展研究中的概念区别。

反事实推理（CFR）——在心理上代表如果过去的情况不同，现在的世界会是什么样子——是人类认知的一个重要方面，也是哲学、社会心理学和临床心理学等领域研究的重点。最近，它还对认知发展心理学产生了广泛的兴趣，主要关注如何表征这种推理的问题。研究在确定儿童何时可以使用 CFR 方面一直不一致。在本文中，我们提出了可能解释这种不一致的理论立场，并根据对反事实情绪的研究对其进行评估。