Neural interfaces and implants are finding more clinical applications and there are rapid technological advances for more efficient and safe design, fabrication and materials to establish high-fidelity neural interfaces. In this review paper, we highlight new developments of the microfabricated electrodes and substrates with regard to the design, materials, fabrication and their clinical applications. There is a noticeable trend towards integration of microfluidic modules on a single neural platform. In addition to the microelectrodes for neural recording and stimulation, microfluidic channels are integrated into a nerve–electrode interface to explore the rich neurochemistry present at the neural interface and exploit it for enhanced electrochemical stimulation and recording of the central and peripheral nervous system.

神经接口和植入物正在发现更多的临床应用，并且技术的快速进步为建立高保真神经接口提供了更有效，更安全的设计，制造和材料。在这篇综述文章中，我们重点介绍了微型电极和基板在设计，材料，制造及其临床应用方面的新发展。在单个神经平台上集成微流体模块的趋势十分明显。除了用于神经记录和刺激的微电极外，微流体通道还集成到神经-电极界面中，以探索神经接口处存在的丰富神经化学，并将其用于增强电化学刺激和中枢神经系统和周围神经系统的记录。