Nasal vaccination is considered a potent and practical immunization route for the induction of effective immunity to infectious diseases. Successful nasal vaccines require efficient delivery to, and retention of antigens within, nasal mucosa, including both the inductive (e.g., nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissues) and effector (e.g., turbinate covered with single-layer epithelium) tissues, where antigen-specific immune responses are initiated and executed, respectively. We developed an approach towards successful nasal vaccination by using self-assembled nano-sized hydrogel particles, known as nanogels, which are composed of a cationic type of cholesteryl group-bearing pullulan. Here, we review the merging of nanotechnological and immunological concepts leading to the development of next-generation nasal vaccines, and demonstrate the applicability of novel nanogel-based vaccine for the prevention of infectious diseases.

鼻疫苗被认为是诱导对传染病有效免疫的有效而实用的免疫途径。成功的鼻疫苗需要有效地传递到鼻粘膜并在其中保留抗原，包括诱导性（例如，鼻咽相关淋巴样组织）和效应子（例如，被单层上皮覆盖的鼻甲）组织，其中抗原特异性免疫分别发起和执行响应。我们开发了一种通过使用自组装的纳米级水凝胶颗粒（称为纳米凝胶）来成功进行鼻腔疫苗接种的方法，纳米颗粒由阳离子型带胆固醇基支链淀粉组成。在这里，我们回顾了导致下一代鼻疫苗发展的纳米技术和免疫学概念的融合，