The effects of two polyphenolic flavonoids (flavanone naringenin and flavonol quercetin) on development, fecundity, and mortality of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were determined in vitro, on an artificial diets. Also determined in vitro (DC EPG method), on sucrose–agarose gels, were the effects of flavonoids on the probing and feeding behavior of adult apterae. When added to a liquid diet, higher concentrations of studied flavonoids increased the developmental time, the pre-reproductive period, and mortality and decreased fecundity and the intrinsic rate of natural increase of A. pisum. In most events associated with stylet activity (as indicated by EPG waveform g-C), differences in probing behavior did not statistically differ between the control gel and those with flavonoids; quercetin at 10, 100, and 1,000 µg cm⁻³ prolonged the number of gel penetrations; and quercetin only at 10,000 μg cm⁻³ prolonged the time the first g-C waveform was observed. Addition of flavonoids to the gels generally reduced passive ingestion from fluids of the gels (EPG waveform g-E2). At higher concentrations (>1,000 µg cm⁻³) the flavonoids completely stopped salivation (EPG waveform g-E1) and passive ingestion from fluids of the gels (EPG waveform g-E2). In events associated with active ingestion (EPG waveform g-G), however, differences in feeding behavior did not statistically differ between the control gel and those with flavonoids. The present findings demonstrate detrimental effects of the flavanone naringenin and flavonol on the behavior of the pea aphid. This can be employed in a biotechnological projects for plant breeding resistant to herbivores, including aphids.

中文翻译：

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柚皮素和槲皮素在害虫管理策略中是否有用？

两种多酚类黄酮类化合物（黄烷酮柚皮素和黄酮醇槲皮素）对豌豆蚜（Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris）（半翅目：蚜科）的发育、繁殖力和死亡率的影响在人工饲料中进行体外测定。还在体外（DC EPG 方法）在蔗糖-琼脂糖凝胶上测定了类黄酮对成虫的探测和摄食行为的影响。当添加到流质饮食中时，较高浓度的研究类黄酮会增加发育时间、预繁殖期和死亡率，并降低A. pisum 的繁殖力和自然增长的内在速率. 在大多数与管心针活性相关的事件中（如 EPG 波形 gC 所示），在对照凝胶和含有黄酮类化合物的凝胶之间，探测行为的差异没有统计学差异；10、100 和 1,000 µg cm ^{-3 的}槲皮素可延长凝胶渗透次数；仅 10,000 μg cm ^{-3 的}槲皮素延长了观察到第一个 gC 波形的时间。向凝胶中添加类黄酮通常会减少凝胶流体的被动摄入（EPG 波形 g-E2）。在较高浓度 (>1,000 µg cm ^-3) 黄酮类化合物完全停止流涎 (EPG 波形 g-E1) 和凝胶流体的被动摄取 (EPG 波形 g-E2)。然而，在与主动摄入相关的事件（EPG 波形 gG）中，对照组凝胶和含有黄酮类化合物的凝胶之间的喂养行为差异没有统计学差异。目前的研究结果表明，黄烷酮柚皮素和黄酮醇对豌豆蚜虫的行为有不利影响。这可用于对包括蚜虫在内的食草动物进行植物育种的生物技术项目。