Cultures across the globe, especially Western societies, are burdened by chronic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Several factors, including diet, genetics, and sedentary lifestyle, are suspected culprits to the development and progression of these health maladies. Fatty acids are primary constituents of cellular physiology. Humans can acquire fatty acids by de novo synthesis from carbohydrate or protein sources or by dietary consumption. Importantly, regulation of their metabolism is critical to sustain balanced homeostasis, and perturbations of such can lead to the development of disease. Here, we review de novo and dietary fatty acid metabolism and highlight recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between dietary influences and genetic variation in fatty acid metabolism and their role in chronic diseases.

全球各地的文化，尤其是西方社会，都饱受肥胖、代谢综合征、心血管疾病和癌症等慢性病的困扰。包括饮食、遗传和久坐不动的生活方式在内的几个因素被怀疑是导致这些健康疾病发展和发展的罪魁祸首。脂肪酸是细胞生理学的主要成分。人类可以通过碳水化合物或蛋白质来源的从头合成或通过饮食消耗来获取脂肪酸。重要的是，调节它们的新陈代谢对于维持平衡的体内平衡至关重要，而这种扰动会导致疾病的发展。在这里，我们从头回顾 和膳食脂肪酸代谢，并强调了我们对膳食影响与脂肪酸代谢遗传变异之间的关系及其在慢性疾病中的作用的理解的最新进展。