One of the major challenges in the field of regenerative medicine is how to optimize tissue regeneration in the body by therapeutically manipulating its natural ability to form scar at the time of injury or disease. It is often the balance between tissue regeneration, a process that is activated at the onset of disease, and scar formation, which develops as a result of the disease process that determines the ability of the tissue or organ to be functional. Using biomaterials as scaffolds often can provide a "bridge" for normal tissue edges to regenerate over small distances, usually up to 1 cm. Larger tissue defect gaps typically require both scaffolds and cells for normal tissue regeneration to occur without scar formation. Various strategies can help to modulate the scar response and can potentially enhance tissue regeneration. Understanding the mechanistic basis of such multivariate interactions as the scar microenvironment, the immune system, extracellular matrix, and inflammatory cytokines may enable the design of tissue engineering and wound healing strategies that directly modulate the healing response in a manner favorable to regeneration.

中文翻译：

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伤口愈合与再生：组织环境在再生医学中的作用。

再生医学领域的主要挑战之一是如何通过治疗性地操纵其在受伤或疾病时形成疤痕的自然能力来优化体内组织再生。通常是组织再生（疾病发作时激活的过程）和疤痕形成之间的平衡，疤痕形成是疾病过程的结果，决定了组织或器官发挥功能的能力。使用生物材料作为支架通常可以为正常组织边缘提供一个“桥梁”，以便在通常不超过 1 厘米的小距离内再生。较大的组织缺损间隙通常需要支架和细胞才能使正常组织再生而不会形成疤痕。各种策略可以帮助调节疤痕反应，并有可能增强组织再生。