Trends in Neurosciences (TiNS) was launched over 35 years ago with the aim of publishing insightful reviews, opinions, and commentaries ‘covering all disciplines of the neurosciences’. TiNS started strong; among the articles appearing in the journal that first year include those penned by a Nobel Laureate, previous and future chairs of the Society for Neuroscience, and numerous other leading experts. Throughout its ensuing tenure, TINS has continued to publish timely and authoritative pieces with the goal of synthesizing, interpreting, and drawing novel insights into an increasingly fractured and complex literature. Although the neuroscientist's toolkit has greatly expanded over recent years, the subjects covered remain surprisingly consistent: neuropsychiatric diseases, cellular and molecular studies of synapse development and plasticity, and systems investigations of learning and memory, to name but a few. The success of TINS in providing high-quality coverage of such topics is reflected in its consistent ranking among the best reviews journals in what has grown from a handful of similar titles at its inception to a plethora today.Despite its long run, TiNS, until now, has had only four editors, in chronological order: David Bousfield, Gavin Swanson, Sian Lewis, and Rachel Jurd. Together, these previous editors oversaw the launch and growth of the journal, shepherded it from print to primarily electronic distribution in the internet age, developed new means for engaging and building a community of readers, and commissioned countless articles that, one hopes, not only reviewed, but also helped set trends in the field. I am humbled to follow in their footsteps and I aim to continue in the tradition that they started; this latest issue reflects both the breadth of coverage and the high standard of quality that I aim to maintain at TINS.The neurosciences are one of the preeminent fields in biology today, as reflected in both the amount of resources devoted to investigations of the nervous system and the increasing number of major prizes being awarded for breakthroughs in this field. In this issue, in a Science and Society article, Reiner and Isacoff highlight the work that led to the recent receipt of one of these significant awards, the Brain Prize 2013, which was awarded to Ernst Bomberg, Edward Boyden, Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann, Gero Miesenbock, and Georg Nagel for their development and refinement of optogenetics. Science and Society pieces are intended to spotlight subjects of wide interest, or topics at the intersection of the bench and the wider world. Readers can look forward to continuing to see more of both types in the future.One of the key features of TiNS opinion articles is that they present a personal viewpoint on a particular subject, thus advancing a novel perspective or hypothesis. In this issue, three such opinion articles present novel perspectives on important issues in neurodegenerative diseases, neural development, and neural coding, respectively. Warren, Rohrer, Scott, Fox, Hardy, and Rossor hypothesize that specific neural networks are differentially susceptible to particular pathogenic proteins and propagating protein abnormalities, while Puelles, Harrison, Paxinos, and Watson promulgate a hierarchical classification of brain structures based upon recent findings concerning differential gene expression during development. Finally, Kumar, Vlachos, Aersten and Boucsein note that the parallel, recurrent architecture of most real neural networks limits the utility of selectively inactivating only particular elements (e.g., a given cell class) one-by-one, suggesting careful computational consideration of network structure will be a necessary precondition of experiments seeking to unravel network function. TiNS readers can expect to continue to see creative, novel, and insightful opinion articles covering other equally important topics in the future.Brief, pointed reviews that go beyond simply reciting the literature, to integrate and synthesize recent results into alternative interpretations, and to suggest productive areas for future research are the hallmark of TiNS. In this issue, one can find three such reviews from leading groups in molecular, cellular, and systems neuroscience. Mergenthaler, Lindauer, Dienel, and Meisel review the role of glucose in fueling brain function and the role of breakdowns in this process in neurological disorders, while Lipscombe, Allen, and Toro cover the mechanisms controlling the expression of neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV). Finally, Wolfram and Baines delve into recent findings suggesting neurotransmitter phenotype and expression of specific ion channels in neurons are not always hard and soft wired, respectively.In some form or another, all of my predecessors have expressed in this space the statement that these are exciting times to be a neuroscientist. That such a statement can be repeated, in all earnestness, over such a long period of time speaks to what a fascinating, dynamic, and exciting endeavor the study of the nervous system is. Currently, the field is faced with many challenges. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the socioeconomic burdens of psychiatric and neurological diseases are only expected to continue to increase [1xMental Health Atlas 2011. World Health Organization. See all References][1]. Meanwhile, large scientific funding bodies in many countries continue to see their budgets decline in real or inflation-adjusted terms. However, there are also numerous possibilities and potentials for great discoveries. The ongoing development of methods for controlling the activity of identified neuronal subtypes on a fast timescale offers the potential to dissect circuit function in exquisite detail, next-generation sequencing offers the hope to better understand the genetic basis of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, and new computational tools for mining large and complex data sets are constantly being refined. As always, the journal welcomes feedback on our effort to cover this exciting ground; it would be impossible to identify and report on all the newest trends without invaluable input from our Advisory Editorial Board, authors, and readers. In teaming with our colleagues at other Cell Press journals, be they other Trends titles such as Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, or Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, or premier research journals, such as Neuron and Cell, to provide up-to-date and authoritative coverage of the neurosciences, TiNS hopes to be able to serve the increasingly diverse needs of this broad community. I will be at the upcoming Society for Neuroscience conference in San Diego, please stop by the Cell Press/Elsevier booth to chat and pick up a free copy of TiNS, or stop me in a poster aisle or at a symposium, to let me know your thoughts on how the journal can best continue to strive towards achieving this goal.

中文翻译：

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回顾与展望

Trends in Neurosciences (TiNS) 于 35 年前推出，旨在发布“涵盖神经科学的所有学科”的有见地的评论、意见和评论。TiNS 开始强劲；第一年发表在该杂志上的文章包括由诺贝尔奖获得者、神经科学学会前任和未来主席以及众多其他领先专家撰写的文章。在其随后的任期内，TINS 继续发布及时和权威的文章，目的是将新见解综合、解释和绘制到日益破碎和复杂的文献中。尽管近年来神经科学家的工具包已大大扩展，但涵盖的主题仍然惊人地一致：神经精神疾病、突触发育和可塑性的细胞和分子研究、学习和记忆的系统研究，仅举几例。TINS 在提供此类主题的高质量报道方面的成功反映在它在最佳评论期刊中的一致排名中，该期刊从最初的少数类似标题发展到今天的过多。尽管它的长期存在，TiNS，直到现在，只有四位编辑，按时间顺序排列：David Bousfield、Gavin Swanson、Sian Lewis 和 Rachel Jurd。这些前任编辑共同监督了该杂志的发行和发展，在互联网时代将其从印刷品转向主要电子发行版，开发了吸引和建立读者社区的新方法，并委托了无数文章，人们希望，不仅审查，但也帮助确定了该领域的趋势。我很谦虚地追随他们的脚步，我的目标是延续他们开始的传统；最新一期反映了我希望在 TINS​​ 保持的覆盖面广度和高质量标准。 神经科学是当今生物学的杰出领域之一，这体现在用于神经系统研究的资源数量上并且越来越多的重大奖项被授予该领域的突破。在本期科学与社会文章中，Reiner 和 Isacoff 重点介绍了导致最近获得这些重要奖项之一的工作，即 2013 年大脑奖，该奖项授予 Ernst Bomberg、Edward Boyden、Karl Deisseroth、Peter Hegemann 、Gero Miesenbock 和 Georg Nagel，感谢他们对光遗传学的发展和改进。科学和社会作品旨在聚焦广泛感兴趣的主题，或长凳与更广阔世界交汇处的主题。读者可以期待在未来继续看到更多这两种类型的文章。TiNS 观点文章的一个主要特点是它们针对特定主题提出个人观点，从而提出新颖的观点或假设。在本期中，三篇此类观点文章分别针对神经退行性疾病、神经发育和神经编码等重要问题提出了新观点。Warren、Rohrer、Scott、Fox、Hardy 和 Rossor 假设特定的神经网络对特定的致病蛋白和传播蛋白异常具有不同的敏感性，而 Puelles、Harrison、Paxinos、和沃森根据最近关于发育过程中差异基因表达的发现，公布了大脑结构的分层分类。最后，Kumar、Vlachos、Aersten 和 Boucsein 指出，大多数真实神经网络的并行、循环架构限制了选择性地使特定元素（例如，给定的细胞类别）一个一个地失活的效用，这表明对网络进行仔细的计算考虑结构将是寻求解开网络功能的实验的必要前提。TiNS 的读者可以期待在未来继续看到涵盖其他同样重要主题的创造性、新颖和有见地的观点文章。 简短、有针对性的评论不仅仅是简单地背诵文献，而是将最近的结果整合和合成为替代解释，并为未来的研究提出富有成效的领域是 TiNS 的标志。在本期杂志中，您可以找到来自分子、细胞和系统神经科学领域领导小组的三篇这样的评论。Mergenthaler、Lindauer、Dienel 和 Meisel 回顾了葡萄糖在促进大脑功能中的作用以及该过程中崩溃在神经系统疾病中的作用，而 Lipscombe、Allen 和 Toro 则涵盖了控制神经元电压门控钙通道表达的机制。 CaV)。最后，Wolfram 和 Baines 深入研究了最近的发现，这些发现表明神经递质表型和神经元中特定离子通道的表达并不总是硬连接和软连接。成为神经科学家的激动人心的时刻。如此长的一段时间内可以认真地重复这样的陈述，这说明神经系统研究是一项多么迷人、充满活力和令人兴奋的努力。目前，该领域面临着诸多挑战。根据世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的说法，精神疾病和神经系统疾病的社会经济负担预计只会继续增加 [1xMental Health Atlas 2011。世界卫生组织。查看所有参考文献][1]。与此同时，许多国家的大型科学资助机构的实际预算或通货膨胀调整后的预算继续下降。然而，伟大发现也有许多可能性和潜力。在快速时间尺度上控制已识别神经元亚型活动的方法的不断发展提供了详细剖析电路功能的潜力，下一代测序提供了更好地了解神经退行性和神经精神疾病的遗传基础的希望，以及新的计算用于挖掘大型复杂数据集的工具正在不断完善。与往常一样，该杂志欢迎对我们为覆盖这一令人兴奋的领域所做的努力提供反馈；如果没有我们的顾问编辑委员会、作者和读者的宝贵意见，就不可能识别和报告所有最新趋势。与我们在其他 Cell Press 期刊上的同事合作，无论是其他趋势标题，如认知科学趋势、内分泌和代谢趋势，或药理科学趋势，或主要研究期刊，如神经元和细胞，以提供神经科学的最新和权威报道，TiNS 希望能够满足这一广泛社区日益多样化的需求。我将参加即将在圣地亚哥举行的神经科学学会会议，请在 Cell Press/Elsevier 展台前停下来聊天并获取 TiNS 的免费副本，或者在海报过道或研讨会上阻止我，让我知道您对期刊如何才能最好地继续努力实现这一目标的看法。