The XXXIInd seminar of the French-speaking Society For Theoretical Biology was held in its traditional ground of Saint-Flour (France) from 10 to 13 June 2012. The seminar was this year enriched by the spring school of the society, that took place the week before, on the issue of ‘‘Numerical Experiments and Hybrid Systems as Alternatives to Understand Living Systems’’. This theme was inspired by the increased awareness that discrete approaches have progressively invaded the landscape of theoretical biology over the past decade and deserved to be discussed on its success and its limitations (Bernard; Kurbatova et al.; Jeannin-Girardon et al.). The seminar was influenced by these discussions which were transposed throughout the seminar and its leading theme ‘‘Robustness, Resistance and Resilience in the Natural Systems’’. Assessing such features of a living system modeled by mean of a discrete approach (e.g. a cellular automaton) is different to a classical study of an ODE-based model since the behavior of the discrete system and the outcome of the simulations cannot be predicted, compared to simulations based on mathematical equations like ODE, reversible in time. This limitation led to the concept of ‘‘numerical experiments’’, which, coupled to statistical analysis, constitute a good manner to explore the properties of a discrete virtual system. In a scientific era of massive data collection (e.g. all ‘‘omic’’ data) these questions of Robustness, Resistance and Resilience in natural systems are emerging and appear crucial to their understanding. Fast models made to ‘‘explain’’ those data, often based on O/PDE or networks, rarely take the 3R into account, particularly

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法语理论生物学学会第三十二届研讨会论文集；圣面粉（康塔尔），法国，2012 年 6 月 10-13 日

法语理论生物学协会第三十二届研讨会于 2012 年 6 月 10 日至 13 日在其传统的圣面粉（法国）场地举行。今年研讨会由该协会的春季学校充实一周前，关于“数值实验和混合系统作为理解生命系统的替代方案”的问题。这个主题的灵感来自于人们越来越意识到离散方法在过去十年中逐渐侵入理论生物学领域，值得讨论其成功和局限性（Bernard；Kurbatova 等；Jeannin-Girardon 等）。研讨会受到这些讨论的影响，这些讨论贯穿整个研讨会及其主导主题“自然系统的稳健性、抵抗力和复原力”。评估通过离散方法（例如元胞自动机）建模的生命系统的此类特征与基于 ODE 的模型的经典研究不同，因为离散系统的行为和模拟结果无法预测，比较到基于数学方程的模拟，如 ODE，时间可逆。这种限制导致了“数值实验”的概念，它与统计分析相结合，构成了探索离散虚拟系统特性的好方法。在大量数据收集（例如所有“组学”数据）的科学时代，自然系统中的稳健性、抗性和恢复力等问题正在出现，并且似乎对他们的理解至关重要。用于“解释”这些数据的快速模型，通常基于 O/PDE 或网络，很少考虑 3R，