Vesicle fusion has long provided an easy and reliable method to form supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) from simple, zwitterionic vesicles on siliceous substrates. However, for complex compositions, such as vesicles with high cholesterol content and multiple lipid types, the energy barrier for the vesicle-to-bilayer transition is increased or the required vesicle-vesicle and vesicle-substrate interactions are insufficient for vesicle fusion. Thus, for vesicle compositions that more accurately mimic native membranes, vesicle fusion often fails to form SLBs. In this paper, we review three approaches to overcome these barriers to form complex, biomimetic SLBs via vesicle fusion: (i) optimization of experimental conditions (e.g., temperature, buffer ionic strength, osmotic stress, cation valency, and buffer pH), (ii) α-helical (AH) peptide-induced vesicle fusion, and (iii) bilayer edge-induced vesicle fusion. AH peptide-induced vesicle fusion can form complex SLBs on multiple substrate types without the use of additional equipment. Bilayer edge-induced vesicle fusion uses microfluidics to form SLBs from vesicles with complex composition, including vesicles derived from native cell membranes. Collectively, this review introduces vesicle fusion techniques that can be generalized for many biomimetic vesicle compositions and many substrate types, and thus will aid efforts to reliably create complex SLB platforms on a range of substrates.

中文翻译：

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模型细胞膜：通过囊泡融合形成复杂的仿生支持脂质双层的技术。

囊泡融合长期以来提供了一种简单可靠的方法，可以从硅质基质上的简单两性离子囊泡形成支持的脂质双层 (SLB)。然而，对于复杂的组合物，例如具有高胆固醇含量和多种脂质类型的囊泡，囊泡到双层过渡的能量屏障增加或所需的囊泡-囊泡和囊泡-底物相互作用不足以进行囊泡融合。因此，对于更准确地模拟天然膜的囊泡组合物，囊泡融合通常无法形成 SLB。在本文中，我们回顾了通过囊泡融合克服这些障碍以形成复杂的仿生 SLB 的三种方法：（i）优化实验条件（例如，温度、缓冲离子强度、渗透压力、阳离子化合价和缓冲液 pH），(ii) α-螺旋 (AH) 肽诱导的囊泡融合，和 (iii) 双层边缘诱导的囊泡融合。AH 肽诱导囊泡融合可以在多种底物类型上形成复杂的 SLB，而无需使用额外的设备。双层边缘诱导囊泡融合使用微流体从具有复杂成分的囊泡形成 SLB，包括源自天然细胞膜的囊泡。总的来说，这篇综述介绍了囊泡融合技术，这些技术可以推广到许多仿生囊泡组合物和许多底物类型，从而有助于在一系列底物上可靠地创建复杂的 SLB 平台。双层边缘诱导囊泡融合使用微流体从具有复杂成分的囊泡形成 SLB，包括源自天然细胞膜的囊泡。总的来说，这篇综述介绍了囊泡融合技术，这些技术可以推广到许多仿生囊泡组合物和许多底物类型，从而有助于在一系列底物上可靠地创建复杂的 SLB 平台。双层边缘诱导囊泡融合使用微流体从具有复杂成分的囊泡形成 SLB，包括源自天然细胞膜的囊泡。总的来说，这篇综述介绍了囊泡融合技术，这些技术可以推广到许多仿生囊泡组合物和许多底物类型，从而有助于在一系列底物上可靠地创建复杂的 SLB 平台。