The production and storage of energy from renewable resources steadily increases in importance. One opportunity is to utilize carbon dioxide (CO₂)-type hydrogenotrophic methanogens, which are an intriguing group of microorganisms from the domain Archaea, for conversion of hydrogen and CO₂ to methane (CH₄). This review summarizes the current state of the art of bioprocess development for biological CH₄ production (BMP) from pure cultures with pure gasses. The prerequisites for successful quantification of BMP by using closed batch, as well as fed-batch and chemostat culture cultivation, are presented. This review shows that BMP is currently a much underexplored field of bioprocess development, which mainly focuses on the application of continuously stirred tank reactors. However, some promising alternatives, such as membrane reactors have already been adapted for BMP. Moreover, industrial-based scale-up of BMP to pilot scale and larger has not been conducted. Most crucial parameters have been found to be those, which influence gas-limitation fundamentals, or parameters that contribute to the complex effects that arise during medium development for scale-up of BMP bioprocesses, highly stressing the importance of holistic BMP quantification by the application of well-defined physiological parameters. The much underexplored number of different genera, which is mainly limited to Methanothermobacter spp., offers the possibility of additional scientific and bioprocess development endeavors for the investigation of BMP. This indicates the large potential for future bioprocess development considering the possible application of bioprocessing technological aspects for renewable energy storage and power generation.

利用可再生资源生产和储存能源的重要性不断提高。一个机会是利用二氧化碳（CO ₂）型氢营养型产甲烷菌，这是来自古细菌领域的一种引人入胜的微生物，可将氢和CO ₂转化为甲烷（CH ₄）。这篇综述总结了生物CH ₄的生物过程开发的最新技术现状纯培养物和纯净气体生产天然气（BMP）。介绍了使用封闭式分批以及补料分批和化学恒温培养培养成功定量BMP的前提条件。这项审查表明，BMP目前是生物工艺开发领域中一个尚未开发的领域，主要侧重于连续搅拌釜反应器的应用。但是，一些有前途的替代方法，例如膜反应器已经适合BMP。此外，还没有进行基于工业的BMP规模扩大到试点规模甚至更大的尝试。已经发现最关键的参数是那些会影响气体限制基本原理的参数，或者是在培养基开发过程中为扩大BMP生物工艺规模而产生的复杂效应的参数，通过明确定义的生理参数，高度强调了整体BMP量化的重要性。不同属的未充分开发的数量，主要限于甲烷杆菌属菌种为研究BMP提供了更多的科学和生物过程开发方法。考虑到生物处理技术在可再生能源存储和发电中的可能应用，这表明了未来生物处理发展的巨大潜力。