A general review of novel NMR methods to measure heteronuclear long-range proton-carbon coupling constants ((n)JCH; n>1) in small molecules is made. NMR experiments are classified in terms of NMR pulse scheme and cross-peak nature. A discussion about simplicity, general applicability and accuracy for each particular NMR experiment is presented and exemplified. Important aspects such as the sign determination and measurement of very small coupling values involving protonated and non-protonated carbons as well as the complementarity between different experiments are also discussed. Finally, a compilation of applications in structural and conformational analysis of different types of molecules since 2000 is surveyed.

中文翻译：

---

长程质子-碳耦合常数：核磁共振方法和应用

对用于测量小分子中异核长程质子-碳耦合常数 ((n)JCH；n>1) 的新型 NMR 方法进行了总体审查。NMR 实验根据 NMR 脉冲方案和交叉峰性质进行分类。对每个特定 NMR 实验的简单性、普遍适用性和准确性进行了讨论并举例说明。还讨论了重要方面，例如涉及质子化和非质子化碳的非常小的耦合值的符号确定和测量，以及不同实验之间的互补性。最后，调查了自 2000 年以来在不同类型分子的结构和构象分析中的应用汇编。