Previously we identified associations between the mother's air pollution exposure and birth weight for births in Connecticut and Massachusetts from 1999-2002. Other studies also found effects, though results are inconsistent. We explored potential uncertainties in earlier work and further explored associations between air pollution and birth weight for PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO2, and SO2. Specifically we investigated: (1) whether infants of younger (≤24 years) and older (≥40 years) mothers are particularly susceptible to air pollution's effects on birth weight; (2) whether the relationship between air pollution and birth weight differed by infant sex; (3) confounding by co-pollutants and differences in pollutants' measurement frequencies; and (4) whether observed associations were influenced by inclusion of pre-term births. Findings did not indicate higher susceptibility to the relationship between air pollution and birth weight based on the mother's age or the infant's sex. Results were robust to exclusion of pre-term infants and co-pollutant adjustment, although sample size decreased for some pollutant pairs. These findings provide additional evidence for the relationship between air pollution and birth weight, and do not identify susceptible sub-populations based on infant sex or mother's age. We conclude with discussion of key challenges in research on air pollution and pregnancy outcomes.

中文翻译：

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空气污染与低出生体重之间的关系：母亲年龄、婴儿性别、共同污染物和早产的影响

此前，我们确定了 1999 年至 2002 年康涅狄格州和马萨诸塞州母亲的空气污染暴露与出生体重之间的关联。其他研究也发现了影响，但结果不一致。我们探索了早期工作中的潜在不确定性，并进一步探索了空气污染与 PM10、PM2.5、CO、NO2 和 SO2 的出生体重之间的关联。具体而言，我们调查了：（1）年龄较小（≤24 岁）和年龄较大（≥40 岁）母亲的婴儿是否特别容易受到空气污染对出生体重的影响；(2)空气污染与出生体重的关系是否因婴儿性别而异；(3) 共污染物的混杂和污染物测量频率的差异；(4) 观察到的关联是否受包含早产的影响。根据母亲的年龄或婴儿的性别，调查结果并未表明对空气污染与出生体重之间的关系有更高的敏感性。尽管某些污染物对的样本量减少了，但排除早产儿和共同污染物调整的结果是稳健的。这些发现为空气污染与出生体重之间的关系提供了额外的证据，并没有根据婴儿性别或母亲的年龄确定易感亚群。我们最后讨论了空气污染和妊娠结局研究中的主要挑战。尽管某些污染物对的样本量有所减少。这些发现为空气污染与出生体重之间的关系提供了额外的证据，并没有根据婴儿性别或母亲的年龄确定易感亚群。我们最后讨论了空气污染和妊娠结局研究中的主要挑战。尽管某些污染物对的样本量有所减少。这些发现为空气污染与出生体重之间的关系提供了额外的证据，并没有根据婴儿性别或母亲的年龄确定易感亚群。我们最后讨论了空气污染和妊娠结局研究中的主要挑战。