Hydroxylated fullerenes are reported to be very strong antioxidants, acting to quench reactive oxygen species, thus having strong potential for important and widespread applications in innovative therapies for a variety of disease processes. However, their potential for toxicological side effects is still largely controversial and unknown. Effects of hydroxylated fullerenes C60(OH)24 on the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were investigated microscopically after a 72-hour (acute) exposure by intraperitoneal injection of 20 ppm of hydroxylated fullerenes per gram of body mass. Cumulative, semi-quantitative histopathologic evaluation of brain, liver, anterior kidney, posterior kidney, skin, coelom, gills and the vestibuloauditory system revealed significant differences between control and hydroxylated fullerene-treated fish. Fullerene-treated fish had much higher cumulative histopathology scores. Histopathologic changes included loss of cellularity in the interstitium of the kidney, a primary site of haematopoiesis in fish, and loss of intracytoplasmic glycogen in liver. In the coelom, variable numbers of leukocytes, including many macrophages and fewer heterophils and rodlet cells, were admixed with the nanomaterial. These findings raise concern about in vivo administration of hydroxylated fullerenes in experimental drugs and procedures in human medicine, and should be investigated in more detail.

中文翻译：

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暴露于羟基化富勒烯的黑头鲦鱼（Pimephales promelas）的组织病理学。

据报道，羟基化富勒烯是非常强的抗氧化剂，可以淬灭活性氧，因此在各种疾病过程的创新疗法中具有重要和广泛应用的巨大潜力。然而，它们潜在的毒理学副作用仍然存在很大争议和未知。通过腹膜内注射每克体重 20 ppm 的羟基化富勒烯，在 72 小时（急性）暴露后，在显微镜下研究羟基化富勒烯 C60(OH)24 对黑头鲦鱼（Pimephales promelas）的影响。脑、肝脏、前肾、后肾、皮肤、体腔、鳃和前庭听觉系统的累积、半定量组织病理学评估显示对照和羟基化富勒烯处理的鱼之间存在显着差异。富勒烯处理的鱼具有更高的累积组织病理学分数。组织病理学变化包括肾脏间质细胞结构的丧失，这是鱼类造血的主要部位，肝脏中的细胞质内糖原丧失。在体腔中，不同数量的白细胞（包括许多巨噬细胞和较少的异嗜细胞和棒状细胞）与纳米材料混合。这些发现引起了人们对实验药物和人类医学程序中羟基化富勒烯的体内给药的关注，应该进行更详细的研究。不同数量的白细胞，包括许多巨噬细胞和较少的异嗜细胞和棒状细胞，与纳米材料混合。这些发现引起了人们对实验药物和人类医学程序中羟基化富勒烯的体内给药的关注，应该进行更详细的研究。不同数量的白细胞，包括许多巨噬细胞和较少的异嗜细胞和棒状细胞，与纳米材料混合。这些发现引起了人们对实验药物和人类医学程序中羟基化富勒烯的体内给药的关注，应该进行更详细的研究。