Despite substantial progress in understanding the cancer signaling network, effective therapies remain scarce due to insufficient disruption of oncogenic pathways, drug resistance and drug-induced toxicity. New and more creative approaches are therefore required for the treatment of cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by sequence-selective targeting of mRNAs, leading to a translational repression or mRNA degradation. Experimental evidence demonstrates that dysregulation of specific miRNAs leads to drug resistance in different cancers and correction of these miRNAs using miRNA mimics or antagomiRs can normalize the gene regulatory network and signaling pathways and sensitize cancerous cells to chemotherapy. Therefore, miRNA-based gene therapy provides an attractive anti-tumor approach for integrated cancer therapy. Here, we will discuss the involvement of microRNAs in chemotherapy resistance and focus on recent advancements in the development and delivery of miRNA-based cancer therapeutics.

中文翻译：

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MicroRNAs 作为化疗耐药的治疗靶点。

尽管在了解癌症信号网络方面取得了重大进展，但由于对致癌途径、耐药性和药物诱导毒性的破坏不足，有效的治疗方法仍然很少。因此，需要新的和更具创造性的方法来治疗癌症。MicroRNA (miRNA) 是一个非编码小 RNA 家族，通过选择性序列靶向 mRNA 来调节基因表达，导致翻译抑制或 mRNA 降解。实验证据表明，特定 miRNA 的失调导致不同癌症的耐药性，使用 miRNA 模拟物或 antagomiRs 纠正这些 miRNA 可以使基因调控网络和信号通路正常化，并使癌细胞对化疗敏感。所以，基于 miRNA 的基因治疗为综合癌症治疗提供了一种有吸引力的抗肿瘤方法。在这里，我们将讨论 microRNA 在化疗耐药性中的参与，并重点关注基于 miRNA 的癌症疗法的开发和交付的最新进展。