Wound healing is a highly coordinated and complex process involving various cell types, chemical mediators and the surrounding extracellular matrix, resulting in a tightly orchestrated re-establishment of tissue integrity by specific cytokines. It consists of various dynamic processes including a series of overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation, re-epithelialization and remodeling. One of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the disturbances in wound healing is an out-of-control inflammatory response that can cause pathological consequences, such as hypertrophic scars, keloids or chronic wounds and ulcers. Recently, several reports have evaluated the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on tissue repair. In particular, the data analysis supports an anti-inflammatory effect of EMFs by the modulation of cytokine profiles that drive the transition from a chronic pro-inflammatory state to an anti-inflammatory state of the healing process. In this review, we focus on the effect of EMFs on skin wound healing showing emerging details of the anti-inflammatory effects of EMFs, with a view to cytokines as candidate biomarkers. Molecular clarification of the mechanisms involved in the modulation of inflammatory factors following exposure to EMFs will provide a better understanding of the cellular responses induced by EMFs and a potential, additional treatment in non-responding, chronic wounds.

中文翻译：

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极低频电磁场和伤口愈合：暗示细胞因子是生物介质。

伤口愈合是高度协调和复杂的过程，涉及多种细胞类型，化学介质和周围的细胞外基质，导致特定细胞因子紧密协调地重建组织完整性。它由各种动态过程组成，包括一系列重叠的阶段：炎症，增殖，重新上皮形成和重塑。造成伤口愈合紊乱的潜在机制之一是失控的炎症反应，可引起病理后果，例如肥厚性瘢痕，瘢痕loid或慢性伤口和溃疡。最近，一些报告评估了极低频电磁场（EMF）对组织修复的影响。特别是，数据分析通过调节细胞因子谱来支持EMF的抗炎作用，这些因子驱动从慢性促炎状态向愈合过程的抗炎状态的转变。在这篇综述中，我们集中于EMF对皮肤伤口愈合的影响，显示EMF的抗炎作用的新兴细节，以将细胞因子作为候选生物标记。分子暴露于暴露于EMFs后参与调节炎症因子的机制，将使人们更好地了解由EMFs诱导的细胞反应以及在无反应的慢性伤口中潜在的，额外的治疗方法。我们将重点放在EMF对皮肤伤口愈合的影响上，以显示EMF抗炎作用的新出现细节，以期将细胞因子作为候选生物标记。分子暴露于暴露于EMFs后参与调节炎症因子的机制，将使人们更好地了解由EMFs诱导的细胞反应以及在无反应的慢性伤口中潜在的，额外的治疗方法。我们将重点放在EMF对皮肤伤口愈合的影响上，以显示EMF抗炎作用的新出现细节，以将细胞因子作为候选生物标记。分子暴露于暴露于EMFs后参与调节炎症因子的机制，将使人们更好地了解由EMFs诱导的细胞反应以及在无反应的慢性伤口中的潜在，额外的治疗方法。