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Long-term trajectories of the human appropriation of net primary production: Lessons from six national case studies
Ecological Economics ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2012-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.02.019
Fridolin Krausmann 1 , Simone Gingrich , Helmut Haberl , Karl-Heinz Erb , Annabella Musel , Thomas Kastner , Norbert Kohlheb , Maria Niedertscheider , Elmar Schwarzlmüller
Affiliation  

The ‘human appropriation of net primary production’ (HANPP) is an integrated socio-ecological indicator measuring effects of land use on ecological biomass flows. Based on published data for Austria, Hungary, the Philippines, South Africa, Spain and the UK, this paper investigates long-term trends in aboveground HANPP and discusses the relations between population, economic growth, changes in biomass use and land-use intensity and their influences on national HANPP trajectories. During early stages of industrialization, population growth and increasing demand for biomass drive land-cover change, often resulting in deforestation, which raises HANPP. During later stages, industrialization of agriculture boosts agricultural yields often faster than biomass demand grows, resulting in stable or even declining HANPP. Technological change improves agricultural area-efficiency (biomass provision per unit area), thereby decoupling population and economic growth from HANPP. However, these efficiency gains require large inputs of fossil fuels and agrochemicals resulting in pressures on ecosystems and emissions. Our findings corroborate the argument that HANPP alone cannot – as sometimes suggested – be used as a simple measure of carrying capacity. Nevertheless, analyses of long-term HANPP trajectories in combination with accounts of material and energy flows can provide important insights into the sustainability of land use, thereby helping to understand limits to growth.

中文翻译:

人类对净初级生产的占用的长期轨迹:来自六个国家案例研究的经验教训

“人类对净初级生产的占用”(HANPP) 是衡量土地利用对生态生物量流动影响的综合社会生态指标。基于奥地利、匈牙利、菲律宾、南非、西班牙和英国的已公布数据,本文调查了地上 HANPP 的长期趋势,并讨论了人口、经济增长、生物量利用变化和土地利用强度之间的关系以及它们对国家 HANPP 轨迹的影响。在工业化的早期阶段,人口增长和对生物质需求的增加推动了土地覆盖变化,通常会导致森林砍伐,从而提高 HANPP。在后期,农业工业化提高农业产量的速度往往快于生物质需求的增长,导致 HANPP 稳定甚至下降。技术变革提高了农业面积效率(单位面积的生物质供应),从而使人口和经济增长与 HANPP 脱钩。然而,这些效率提升需要大量投入化石燃料和农用化学品,从而对生态系统和排放造成压力。我们的研究结果证实了单独的 HANPP 不能——正如有时所建议的——被用作承载能力的简单衡量标准的论点。尽管如此,对长期 HANPP 轨迹的分析,结合物质和能量流动的说明,可以为土地利用的可持续性提供重要的见解,从而有助于了解增长的限制。这些增效需要大量投入化石燃料和农用化学品,从而对生态系统和排放造成压力。我们的研究结果证实了这样的论点,即 HANPP 本身不能——正如有时所建议的——被用作承载能力的简单衡量标准。尽管如此,对长期 HANPP 轨迹的分析,结合物质和能量流动的说明,可以为土地利用的可持续性提供重要的见解,从而有助于了解增长的限制。这些增效需要大量投入化石燃料和农用化学品,从而对生态系统和排放造成压力。我们的研究结果证实了单独的 HANPP 不能——正如有时所建议的——被用作承载能力的简单衡量标准的论点。尽管如此,对长期 HANPP 轨迹的分析,结合物质和能量流动的说明,可以为土地利用的可持续性提供重要的见解,从而有助于理解增长的限制。
更新日期:2012-05-01
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