We demonstrate that circular wave packets in high Rydberg states generated by a pulsed electric field applied to extreme Stark states are characterized by a position-dependent energy gradient that leads to a correlation between the principal quantum number n and the spatial coordinate. This correlation is rather insensitive to the initial state and can be seen even in an incoherent mix of states such as is generated experimentally allowing information to be placed into, and extracted from, such wave packets. We show that detailed information on the spatial distribution of a circular wave packet can be extracted by analyzing the complex phase of its expansion coefficients.

中文翻译：

---

脉冲电场产生的圆形波包的分析。

我们证明了由施加到极端斯塔克状态的脉冲电场产生的高里德堡状态的圆形波包的特征在于位置相关的能量梯度，导致主量子数 n 和空间坐标之间的相关性。这种相关性对初始状态相当不敏感，甚至可以在不连贯的状态混合中看到，例如通过实验生成的允许将信息放入此类波包中并从中提取信息。我们表明，可以通过分析其展开系数的复相位来提取有关圆形波包空间分布的详细信息。