The Evolution of Fruit Tree Productivity: A Review. Domestication of fruit trees has received far less attention than that of annual crop plants. In particular, very little is known about the evolution of fruit tree productivity. In the wild, most tree species reach reproductive maturity after a long period of juvenility and even then, sexual reproduction appears sporadically, often in a mode of masting. Environmental constraints limit trees' reproductive activity in their natural, wild habitats, resulting in poor, irregular productivity. Early fructification and regular, high rates of productivity have been selected by people, unconsciously and consciously. The reviewed evidence indicates an evolutionary continuum of productivity patterns among trees of wild habitats, intermediary domesticates, and the most advanced domesticates. Alternate bearing appears to represent an intermediate step in the fruit tree evolutionary pathway. The existence of a molecular, genetic mechanism that controls trees' sexual reproduction and fruiting pattern is suggested. 果树结果能力的演化:综述. 与一年生农作物相比,对多年生果树作物的驯化一直来很少受到关注。尤其是我们对果树结果能力的进化知之甚少。大多数野生果树需要经过相当长的营养生长阶段才能达到生殖成熟;即使进入了生殖生长期,部分果树的有性繁殖也是不连续的,通常表现为大量结果。环境因素限制了树木在自然或野生环境下的生殖活动,导致结果能力差且不规律。人类则有意识和无意识地选择了早产、有规律和高产等性状。本综述提供证据表明果树结果能力在野生种、中间驯化种和已驯化种之间存在进化连续性,大小年现象似乎是进化过程中的一个中间步骤。因此,果树间存在一种调控果树有性繁殖和结果模式的遗传机制。

中文翻译：

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果树生产力的演变：回顾。

果树生产力的演变：回顾。与一年生作物相比，果树的驯化受到的关注要少得多。特别是，人们对果树生产力的演变知之甚少。在野外，大多数树种在经过长时间的幼年期后达到生殖成熟，即使如此，有性繁殖也偶尔出现，通常以肥大的方式出现。环境限制限制了树木在自然野生栖息地的繁殖活动，导致生产力低下、不规律。人们不知不觉地和有意识地选择了早熟和规律的高生产率。审查的证据表明，野生栖息地的树木、中间驯化树和最先进的驯化树之间生产力模式的进化连续体。交替轴承似乎代表了果树进化途径中的一个中间步骤。建议存在控制树木有性繁殖和结果模式的分子遗传机制。果树结果能力的利润：利润。与一年生成熟，对成熟果树作物的驯化一直受到关注。尤其是我们对果树结果能力的进化知之甚少。进入了结果树的长周生，部分果树的有性健康也是不连续的，通常情况下，大量的结果环境限制了树木在自然或野生环境下的周活动，导致能力差且不发育。人类则有意识和意识。无意识地选择了早产、有和高产等性状。本提交提供采摘果树结果能力在野生种、中间驯化和已驯化种之间。步骤。因此，果树间一种调节果树有性呼吸和结果模式的遗传。