This paper reports the evolution of scanning spectral imaging techniques using scattered light for minimally invasive detection of early cancerous changes in tissue and cell biology applications. Optical spectroscopic techniques have shown promising results in the diagnosis of disease on a cellular scale. They do not require tissue removal, can be performed in vivo, and allow for real-time diagnoses. Fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy are most effective in revealing molecular properties of tissue. Light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) relates the spectroscopic properties of light elastically scattered by small particles, such as epithelial cell nuclei and organelles, to their size, shape, and refractive index. It is capable of characterizing the structural properties of tissue on cellular and subcellular scales. However, in order to be useful in the detection of early cancerous changes that are otherwise not visible to the naked eye, it must rapidly survey a comparatively large area while simultaneously detecting these cellular changes. Both goals are achieved by combining LSS with spatial scanning imaging. Two examples are described in this paper. The first reviews a clinical system for screening patients with Barrett's esophagus. The second presents a novel advancement in confocal light absorption and scattering spectroscopic microscopy.

中文翻译：

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散射光光谱成像：从早期癌症检测到细胞生物学

本文报告了使用散射光对组织和细胞生物学应用中的早期癌变变化进行微创检测的扫描光谱成像技术的发展。光谱技术在细胞尺度上的疾病诊断中显示出有希望的结果。它们不需要去除组织，可以在体内进行，并允许实时诊断。荧光和拉曼光谱在揭示组织的分子特性方面最有效。光散射光谱 (LSS) 将被小颗粒（例如上皮细胞核和细胞器）弹性散射的光的光谱特性与它们的大小、形状和折射率联系起来。它能够在细胞和亚细胞尺度上表征组织的结构特性。然而，为了用于检测肉眼不可见的早期癌变，它必须快速检测相对较大的区域，同时检测这些细胞变化。这两个目标都是通过将 LSS 与空间扫描成像相结合来实现的。本文描述了两个例子。第一篇综述了用于筛查 Barrett 食管患者的临床系统。第二个展示了共焦光吸收和散射光谱显微镜的新进展。第一篇综述了用于筛查 Barrett 食管患者的临床系统。第二个展示了共焦光吸收和散射光谱显微镜的新进展。第一篇综述了用于筛查 Barrett 食管患者的临床系统。第二个展示了共焦光吸收和散射光谱显微镜的新进展。