There are reports showing that pro-inflammatory cytokines are dysregulated in patients with Down's syndrome (DS). However, most of these reports concern adults. We analyzed cytokine levels in serum samples from children with DS, and compared them with samples from intellectually disabled (ID), and healthy, control children. Blood samples were collected from 24 DS, 24 age-/sex-matched ID, and 24 age-/sex-matched healthy, control children. Serum levels of the cytokines IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were measured using a sandwich ELISA method, . The age range of the children was 1-15 years, with a mean ± SD of 5.75 ± 4.36 years. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the DS and ID groups compared with those found in healthy, control children (P<0.05). The DS and ID groups had significantly higher IFN-γ levels compared with healthy, control children (P = 0.0002 and P<0.01, respectively), with significant higher levels in the DS than the ID group (P<0.05). Serum from the ID group showed significantly higher IL-10 levels compared with those from the DS group (P<0.05), but not the healthy, control group. Significant correlations were found between the differences in TNF-α and IFN-γ levels, in both ID (rs = 0.558; P = 0.005) and DS children (rs = 0.405; P<0.05). There were no significant differences found in serum levels of IL-13 between the groups, and IL-5 was not detectable in any of the serum samples. Levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ were increased, and IL-10 decreased in serum from children with DS. It may be that these differences contribute to the clinical symptoms seen in DS: consequently, these pro-inflammatory cytokines might be useful as early biomarkers of the disorders associated with DS.

中文翻译：

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唐氏综合症患儿血清促炎细胞因子的改变。

有报告显示唐氏综合症（DS）患者的促炎细胞因子失调。但是，这些报告大多数涉及成年人。我们分析了DS患儿血清样本中的细胞因子水平，并将其与智障儿童和健康对照儿童的样本进行了比较。从24名DS，24名年龄/性别匹配的ID和24名年龄/性别匹配的健康对照儿童中采集血液样本。使用夹心ELISA法测量血清细胞因子IL-5，IL-10，IL-13，IFN-γ和TNF-α的水平。儿童的年龄范围是1-15岁，平均±SD为5.75±4.36岁。与健康对照组儿童相比，DS和ID组的TNF-α水平显着更高（P <0.05）。与健康组相比，DS组和ID组的IFN-γ水平明显升高，对照儿童（分别为P = 0.0002和P <0.01），DS中的水平明显高于ID组（P <0.05）。与DS组相比，ID组的血清IL-10水平明显升高（P <0.05），而健康对照组则没有。在ID（rs = 0.558; P = 0.005）和DS儿童（rs = 0.405; P <0.05）中，TNF-α和IFN-γ水平的差异之间存在显着相关性。两组之间的IL-13血清水平无显着差异，在任何血清样品中均未检测到IL-5。DS患儿血清中TNF-α和IFN-γ水平升高，IL-10降低。这些差异可能会导致DS中出现的临床症状：因此，