Halitosis, bad breath or oral malodour are all synonyms for the same pathology. Halitosis has a large social and economic impact. For the majority of patients suffering from bad breath, it causes embarrassment and affects their social communication and life. Moreover,halitosis can be indicative of underlying diseases. Only a limited number of scientific publications were presented in this field until 1995. Ever since, a large amount of research is published, often with lack of evidence. In general, intraoral conditions, like insufficient dental hygiene, periodontitis or tongue coating are considered to be the most important cause (85%) for halitosis. Therefore, dentists and periodontologists are the first-line professionals to be confronted with this problem. They should be well aware of the origin, the detection and especially of the treatment of this pathology. In addition, ear-nose-throat-associated (10%) or gastrointestinal/endocrinological (5%) disorders may contribute to the problem. In the case of halitophobia, psychiatrical or psychological problems may be present. Bad breath needs a multidisciplinary team approach: dentists, periodontologists, specialists in family medicine, ear-nose-throat surgeons, internal medicine and psychiatry need to be updated in this field, which still is surrounded by a large taboo.Multidisciplinary bad breath clinics offer the best environment to examine and treat this pathology that affects around 25% of the whole population. This article describes the origin, detection and treatment of halitosis, regarded from the different etiological origins.

中文翻译：

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口臭：多学科方法。


口臭、口臭或口腔异味都是同一病理的同义词。口臭具有巨大的社会和经济影响。对于大多数患有口臭的患者来说，它会带来尴尬，影响他们的社交和生活。此外，口臭也可能预示着潜在的疾病。直到 1995 年，这一领域的科学出版物数量有限。此后，发表了大量研究成果，但往往缺乏证据。一般来说，口腔内的情况，如牙齿卫生不足、牙周炎或舌苔被认为是口臭的最重要原因（85%）。因此，牙医和牙周病专家是面临这个问题的一线专业人士。他们应该充分了解这种病理的起源、检测，尤其是治疗。此外，耳鼻喉相关疾病（10%）或胃肠道/内分泌疾病（5%）也可能导致该问题。如果患有口臭恐惧症，可能会出现精神或心理问题。口臭需要多学科团队的共同努力：牙医、牙周病专家、家庭医学专家、耳鼻喉外科医生、内科和精神科专家在这个仍然被一大禁忌包围的领域需要更新。多学科口臭诊所提供这是检查和治疗这种影响约 25% 人口的疾病的最佳环境。本文从不同的病因学角度描述了口臭的起源、检测和治疗。